Lu (surname 卢)
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Lu (卢/盧) | |
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Pronunciation | Lú (Mandarin) Lo (Cantonese) |
Language(s) | Chinese |
Origin | |
Language(s) | Old Chinese |
Word/Name | City of Lu, State of Qi |
Other names | |
Derivative(s) | Lư/Lô (Vietnamese) Roh/Noh/Ro/No (Korean) |
Lú is the pinyin romanization of the Chinese surname written 卢 in simplified character and 盧 in traditional character. It is also spelled Lo according to the Cantonese pronunciation. Lu 卢 is the 52nd most common surname in China,[1] shared by 5.6 million people, or 0.475% of the Chinese population as of 2002.[2] It is especially common in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, and Hebei provinces.[2] Lu 卢 is listed 167th in the Song Dynasty classic text Hundred Family Surnames.[3]
Origins
According to the Tang Dynasty genealogy text Yuanhe Xing Zuan, the surname Lu 卢 originated in the State of Qi during the Spring and Autumn period, and descended from Gao Xi (高傒). Gao Xi was the grandson of Prince Gao, who was a son of Duke Wen of Qi (reigned 815–804 BC) and a descendant of Lü Shang, the founder of Qi. When the Qi ruler Wuzhi was murdered in 685 BC, Gao Xi, then prime minister of Qi, helped to install Prince Xiaobai on the throne, to be known as Duke Huan of Qi, one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn period.[4][5][6] In gratitude, Duke Huan enfeoffed Gao Xi at the city of Lu 卢 (in modern Changqing District, Shandong province), and many of Gao's descendants adopted Lu 卢 as their surname. This is the main origin of the surname, and Gao Xi is regarded as the founding ancestor of the Lu 卢 surname.[4][6]
According to the Song Dynasty encyclopedia Tongzhi, there was a second source of the Lu 卢 surname from the State of Qi. A branch of Duke Huan of Qi's descendants had the surname Lupu (卢蒲), which was later shortened to Lu.[4][5]
A separate source of Lu was the minor state of Luzi 庐子 or Lu 庐 (in modern Anhui province) during the Spring and Autumn period. The descendants of Jili (戢黎), a nobleman of Lu, adopted the name of their state as their surname. Lu 庐 was later simplified to Lu 卢.[4][5]
Later adoption
During the Xianbei Northern Wei dynasty, Emperor Xiaowen (reigned 467–499 AD) implemented a drastic policy of sinicization, ordering his own people to adopt Chinese surnames. The Tufulu (吐伏卢) and Molu (莫卢) clans of Xianbei adopted Lu as their surname. The Xianbei people have since completely assimilated into the Han Chinese.[4][5]
According to the Book of Sui, Zhangchou Taiyi (章仇太翼), a native of Hejian Commandery (in modern Cangzhou, Hebei) was a famous scholar of the time. Emperor Yang of Sui granted him the surname Lu 卢. Zhangchou subsequently became known as Lu Taiyi, and was the ancestor of the prosperous Hejian Lu clan.[4]
Fanyang Lu clan
In the fourth century BC, the throne of the Qi state was usurped by the Tian clan. Many aristocratic clans that descended from the old ruling house of Jiang, including Lu, fled the state and dispersed all over China.[4] During the Qin Dynasty, the erudite Lu Ao (卢敖) settled in Fanyang Commandery (modern Beijing). The Fanyang Lu clan later became exceedingly prosperous. During the Jin Dynasty (265–420), the Fanyang Lu, together with the Cui clan of Boling, Wang of Taiyuan, Zheng of Xingyang, and the Li clan of Zhao, were considered the five most prominent clans in China (海内五大望族).[6] During the Tang Dynasty, eight chancellors were surnamed Lu 卢, including several from Fanyang.[5]
During the Tang dynasty the Li family of Zhaojun 赵郡李氏, the Cui family of Boling 博陵崔氏, the Cui family of Qinghe 清河崔氏, the Lu family of Fanyang 范陽盧氏, the Zheng family of Rongyang 榮陽鄭氏, the Wang family of Taiyuan 太原王氏, and the Li family of Longxi 隴西李氏 were the seven noble families between whom marriage was banned by law.[7] Moriya Mitsuo wrote a history of the Later Han-Tang period of the Taiyuan Wang. Among the strongest families was the Taiyuan Wang.[8] The prohibition on marriage between the clans issued in 659 by the Gaozong Emperor was flouted by the seven families since a woman of the Boling Cui married a member of the Taiyuan Wang, giving birth to the poet Wang Wei.[9] He was the son of Wang Chulian who in turn was the son of Wang Zhou.[10] The marriages between the families were performed clandestinely after the prohibition was implemented on the seven families by Gaozong.[11] Their status as "Seven Great surnames" became known during Gaozong's rule.[12]
Notable people
- Lu Wan (盧綰; 256–194 BC), Western Han dynasty general
- Lu Zhi (盧植; died 192 AD), Eastern Han dynasty politician
- Lu Sidao (盧思道; 531–582), Sui dynasty poet
- Lu Chengqing (盧承慶; 595–670), Tang dynasty chancellor
- Lu Zhaolin (盧照鄰; ca. 634 – ca. 686) Tang dynasty poet
- Lu Huaishen (盧懷慎; died 716), Tang dynasty chancellor
- Lu Qi (盧杞; died 785), Tang dynasty chancellor
- Lu Lun (盧綸; 739-799), Tang dynasty poet
- Lu Han (盧翰; fl. 8th century), Tang dynasty chancellor
- Lu Tong (盧仝; died 835), Tang dynasty poet
- Lu Shang (盧商; 789–859), Tang dynasty chancellor
- Lu Xi (盧攜; died 881), Tang dynasty chancellor
- Lu Zhi (盧摯; 1243–1315), Yuan dynasty poet
- Lu Kun (盧坤; 1772–1835), Qing dynasty viceroy of Huguang and Liangguang
- Lu Muzhen (盧慕貞; 1867–1952), Sun Yat-sen's first wife
- Lu Yongxiang (盧永祥; 1867–1933), warlord
- C. T. Loo (盧芹齋, Lu Qinzhai; 1880–1957), art dealer
- Lu Han (盧漢; 1895–1974), Kuomintang general
- Lu Jiaxi (卢嘉锡; 1915–2001), chemist, President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lisa Lu (盧燕; Lu Yan; born 1927), actress
- Lu Yen (盧炎; Lu Yan; 1930–2008), Taiwanese composer
- Lu Ruihua (卢瑞华; born 1938), former Governor of Guangdong province
- Lo Hoi-pang (盧海鵬; Lu Haipeng; born 1941), Hong Kong actor
- Lu Hsiu-yi (盧修一; Liu Xiuyi; 1941–1998), Taiwanese politician
- Lowell Lo (盧冠廷; Lu Guanting; born 1950), Hong Kong musician
- Anna Lo (盧曼華; Lu Manhua; born 1950), Hong Kong-born British politician
- Lu Zhangong (卢展工; born 1952), party chief of Fujian and Henan provinces
- Ken Lo (盧惠光; Lu Huiguang; born 1959), Hong Kong actor and martial artist
- Money Lo (盧敏儀, born 1960), a Hong Kong actress
- Ed Lu (盧傑; Lu Jie; born 1963), Chinese-American physicist, NASA astronaut of the International Space Station
- Chris Lu (盧沛寧; Lu Peining; born 1966), Chinese-American politician
- Candy Lo (盧巧音; Lu Qiaoyin; born 1974), Hong Kong singer and actress
- Lo Ka Fai (盧家輝, born 1976), Hong Kong racer driver
- Edward Loh (盧栢衡; Lu Boheng; born 1976), Editor-in-Chief of Motor Trend
- Monica Lo (卢淑仪; Lu Shuyi; born 1978), Hong Kong-based Canadian actress and model
- Lu Rui En (卢瑞恩; born 1981), Singaporean actress and singer
- Lu Yen-Hsun (盧彥勳; Lu Yanxun; born 1983), Taiwanese tennis player
- Lo Kwan Yee (盧均宜; Lu Junyi; born 1984), Hong Kong football player
- Lo Chun Kit (盧俊傑; Lu Junjie; born 1985), Hong Kong football player
- Lu Ying-chi (盧映錡; born 1985), Taiwanese weightlifter
- Crowd Lu (盧廣仲; Lu Guangzhong; born 1985), Taiwanese singer-songwriter
- Lu Lin (卢琳; born 1985), football player
- Ellen Joyce Loo (盧凱彤; Lu Kaitong; born 1986), Hong Kong-based Canadian singer-songwriter
- Lu Lan (卢兰; born 1987), badminton player
- Lu Junyi (盧俊義), fictional character in the novel Water Margin
References
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- ↑ http://history.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/slides/Dissertation.pdf p. 67.
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