Antacid

Antacid tablets

An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity, which in turn relieves heartburn.

Medical uses

File:Old aluminum tablets.JPG

Wyeth amphojel tablets of aluminum hydroxide.

Antacids are available over the counter and are taken by mouth to quickly relieve occasional heartburn, the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Treatment with antacids alone is symptomatic and only justified for minor symptoms.

Antacids are distinct from acid-reducing drugs like H2-receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors and they do not kill the bacteria, Helicobacter pylori, which causes most ulcers.

Side effects

Versions with magnesium may cause diarrhea, and brands with calcium or aluminium may cause constipation and rarely, long-term use may cause kidney stones. Long term use of versions with aluminum may increase the risk for getting osteoporosis.

Mechanism of action

Antacids contain alkaline ions that chemically neutralize stomach gastric acid.

Some well-known antacid brands

Antacids are generally a chemical salt of an alkaline ion and a counterion, as shown in the table below. The alkaline ion is generally bicarbonate but may also be hydroxide.

Product	Alkaline ion	Counterion
		Aluminium	Calcium	Magnesium	Potassium	Sodium
Alka-Seltzer	Bicarbonate				X	X
Andrews Antacid	Bicarbonate		X
Brioschi	Bicarbonate					X
Equate	Bicarbonate	X	X	X
Maalox (liquid)	Bicarbonate	X		X
Maalox (tablet)	Bicarbonate	X
Milk of Magnesia	Hydroxide			X
Pepto-Bismol	Bismuth subsalicylate
Pepto-Bismol Children’s	Bicarbonate		X
Rennie (tablets)	Bicarbonate		X	X
Rolaids	Bicarbonate		X	X
Tums	Carbonate		X
Mylanta	Hydroxide	X		X
Eno	Bicarbonate					X
Gaviscon	Bicarbonate		X			X
Droxygel	Hydroxide	X		X
Gelusil	Hydroxide			X
Quick-Eze	Carbonate		X	X