Marjorie Bruce

Marjorie Bruce
Princess of Scotland
Marjorie Bruce's sarcophagus-effigy at Paisley Abbey, where she was buried
Born	1296/7
Died	2 March 1316 (aged 19–20)
Burial	Paisley Abbey
Spouse	Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland
Issue	Robert II of Scotland
House	House of Bruce
Father	Robert I of Scotland
Mother	Isabella of Mar
Religion	Roman Catholic

Marjorie Bruce or Marjorie de Brus (1296/7 – 2 March 1316) was the eldest daughter of Robert the Bruce, King of Scots by his first wife, Isabella of Mar, and the founder of the Stewart dynasty. Her marriage to Walter, High Steward of Scotland gave rise to the House of Stewart. Her son was the first Stewart monarch, King Robert II of Scotland. Her widowed father later married Elizabeth de Burgh.

Early life

Marjorie's parents, as depicted in the 1562 Forman Armorial

Her mother, Isabella, a nineteen-year-old noblewoman from the Clan Mar, died soon after giving birth. Her father was at that time the Earl of Carrick. Marjorie was named after her father's mother, Marjorie, Countess of Carrick.

According to legend, her parents had been very much in love, and Robert the Bruce did not remarry until Marjorie was six years old. In 1302, a courtier named Elizabeth de Burgh became her stepmother.

On 27 March 1306, her father was crowned King of Scots at Scone, Perthshire, and Marjorie, then nine years old, became a Princess of Scotland.

Imprisonment (1307–1314)

The Priory of Watton, where Marjorie was imprisoned under Edward I

Three months after the coronation, in June, 1306, her father was defeated at the Battle of Methven. He sent his female relatives (his wife, two sisters and Marjorie) north with his supporter the Countess of Buchan, but by the end of June the band of Bruce women were captured by Earl of Ross, a Balliol supporter, who handed them over to the English.

As punishment, Edward I sent his hostages to different places in England. Princess Marjorie went to the convent at Watton; her aunt Christina Bruce was sent to another convent; Queen Elizabeth was placed under house arrest at a manor house in Yorkshire (because Edward I needed the support of her father, the powerful Earl of Ulster, her punishment was lighter than the others'); and Marjorie's aunt Mary Bruce and the Countess of Buchan were imprisoned in wooden cages, exposed to public view, Mary's cage at Roxburgh Castle and Countess Isabella's at Berwick Castle. For the next four years, Marjorie, Elizabeth, Christina, Mary and Isabella endured solitary confinement, with daily public humiliation for the latter two. A cage was built for Marjorie at the Tower of London, but Edward I reconsidered and instead sent her to the convent. Christopher Seton, Christina's husband, was executed.

Edward I died on 7 July 1307. He was succeeded by his son, Edward II, who subsequently held Marjorie captive in a convent for about seven more years. She was finally set free around 1314, possibly in exchange for English noblemen captured after the Battle of Bannockburn (23 June – 24 June 1314).

Marriage and death

Paisley Abbey

Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland distinguished himself in the battle and was rewarded the hand of the adolescent princess. Her dowry included the Barony of Bathgate in West Lothian. The original site of Bathgate Castle, which was part of the dowry, can be found on the grounds of Bathgate Golf Club. The site is protected by the Historic Scotland organisation and the Club is debarred from carrying out any excavation work on the site without prior permission. Every year on the first Saturday of June, the town of Bathgate celebrates the marriage of Marjorie and Walter in their annual historical pageant, just before the town's procession and Newland festival. Local school children are given the parts of Marjorie, Walter and other members of the court. After the pageant, everyone joins the procession along with Robert the Bruce on horseback.

Two years later, on 2 March 1316, Marjorie was riding in Gallowhill, Paisley, Renfrewshire while heavily pregnant. Her horse was suddenly startled and threw her to the ground at a place called "The Knock." She went into premature labour and delivered the child at Paisley Abbey, surviving the birth by a few hours at most.

She was nineteen at the time of her death, like her mother, who was also nineteen years old when she died in childbirth.

At the junction of Renfrew Road and Dundonald Road in Paisley, a cairn marks the spot near to where Marjorie reputedly fell from her horse. While the reputed place of her death is now referred to as Knockhill Road, with nearby roads of Bruce Way, and Marjorie Drive named in her honour. She is buried at Paisley Abbey.

Her son succeeded his childless uncle David II of Scotland in 1371 as King Robert II. Her descendants include the House of Stuart (or Stewart) and all their successors on the throne of Scotland, England and the United Kingdom.

Ancestry

Family of Marjorie Bruce

16. Robert Bruce, 4th Lord of Annandale               8. Robert de Brus, 5th Lord of Annandale                       17. Isobel of Huntingdon               4. Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale                             18. Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Hertford and Gloucester               9. Isabella of Gloucester and Hertford                       19. Isabel Marshal               2. Robert I of Scotland                                   20. Cailean of Carrick               10. Níall of Carrick                       5. Marjorie of Carrick                             22. Walter Stewart, 3rd High Steward of Scotland               11. Margaret Stewart (Fitzalan)                       23. Bethóc of Angus               1. Marjorie Bruce                                         24. Donnchadh, Earl of Mar               12. Uilleam, Earl of Mar                       6. Domhnall I, Earl of Mar                             26. William Comyn, Lord of Badenoch               13. Elizabeth Comyn                       27. Marjory, Countess of Buchan               3. Isabella of Mar                                   28. Iorwerth ap Owain Gwynedd               14. Llywelyn the Great                       29. Marared ferch Madog               7. Helen                             30. King John of England               15. Joan                       31. Isabel, Countess of Gloucester

Marjorie in fiction

The young adult novel Girl in a Cage by Jane Yolen and Robert J. Harris features Marjorie Bruce as its protagonist. In it, Marjorie is imprisoned in a cage. Although there is a preface stating that it is fictional, many have taken it to be a true story.

External links

• Bannockburn article (National Trust for Scotland) contains some information on Marjorie Bruce.
• Bathgate Castle and Old Hall Knowe