National Shrine of the North American Martyrs
The National Shrine of the North American Martyrs, also dedicated as the Shrine of Our Lady of Martyrs, is a Roman Catholic shrine in Auriesville, New York dedicated to the three Jesuit missionaries who were martyred at the Mohawk Indian village of Ossernenon in 1642 and 1646.
History
In the 1642, a small band of Jesuit missionaries set out from Sainte-Marie among the Hurons, a settlement in Ontario, Canada, to work among the Huron tribe of upstate New York and the territories in Canada. They were captured en route by a party of Mohawks, a tribe of the Iroquois confederacy, and enemy of the Huron.[1] Rene Goupil, a surgeon and later Jesuit lay brother, and Father Isaac Jogues were brought to the Mohawk settlement of Ossernenon. Caught teaching a child the sign of the cross, Goupil was felled with a blow from a hatchet and died. He was the first of the order in the Canadian missions to suffer martyrdom.[2] Jogues remained a captive for thirteen months before Dutch traders and minister Johannes Megapolensis from Fort Orange (Albany) paid a ransom and gained his freedom from the Mohawk; they arranged for his transportation by boat to New Amsterdam, from where he returned to France.[3]
Jogues returned to New France in the spring of 1644. He gave the name of "Lake of the Blessed Sacrament" to the body of water called by the Indians Horicon, now known as Lake George. In 1646 Jogues, accompanied by John LaLande, a lay missionary, was sent to negotiate peace with the Iroquois. In late September he began his third and last journey to the Mohawk. In the interim sickness had broken out in the tribe and a blight had fallen on the crops. This double calamity was ascribed to Jogues, whom the Indians always regarded as a sorcerer. The news of this change of sentiment spread rapidly, and though fully aware of the danger, Jogues continued on his way to Ossernenon. All his companions except Lalande fled. The Mohawk captured him near Lake George, beat him and led him to the village. On 18 October 1646 when entering a cabin, Jogues was struck with a tomahawk and killed.[3] LaLande was killed the next day, while trying to recover Jogues' body. Together with Goupil, they are the only canonized Roman Catholic martyrs of the United States. (The Russian Orthodox Church canonized two martyrs—St. Peter the Aleut and St. Juvenal of Alaska—in 1970).
The first recitation of the Rosary in what is now New York State took place at the site on September 29, 1642. Kateri Tekakwitha, a Mohawk woman, was born there in 1656.[4] She later converted to Christianity and was baptized at the age of 19 in what is now nearby Fonda, New York. She later moved to Kahnawake, a mission village by Montreal, where she lived with other Catholic Mohawk. Kateri and other Mohawk converts were known for their exact Christian life, and in many instances for their exalted piety.[5] Saint Kateri was beatified in 1980 by Pope John Paul II, and was canonized a Saint by his successor, Pope Benedict XVI, on Sunday, October 21, 2012, along with some others.
Shrine
Auriesville is on the south bank of the Mohawk River, about forty miles west of Albany, New York. It is about nine miles east of what archeologists believe to be the site of Osserneonon, the Mohawk village where the three Jesuit missionaries were martyred.[6][7] It was destroyed in the 17th century and the site was abandoned.
In the nineteenth century, research on the part of Catholic historian John Gilmary Shea and Gen. J. S. Clarke of Auburn, who had studied Indian sites both in New York and Huron territory, led to their believing they had identified the former site of Ossersnenon, where Father Jogues and his companions died. Rev. Joseph Loyzance, S.J., a parish priest of St. Joseph's, Troy, New York, had a lifelong interest in the lives of the early missionaries and supported honoring them at this site, which developed as Auriesville.
In 1884, Father Loyzance purchased ten acres of land on the hill where the village had been located, and erected a small shrine under the title of Our Lady of Martyrs.[5] Father Loyzance subsequently led a pilgrimage of 4,000 people from Albany and Troy to the shrine. Other parishes later adopted the practice of visiting Auriesville during the summer.
In 1930, a coliseum was built at the shrine, overlooking the Mohawk Valley, as one of the first circular churches built in the United States. The Coliseum's design allows for the seating of approximately 6000 worshipers for Holy Mass. Today the grounds of the Shrine cover some 600 acres (2.4 km2).[8]
See also
- Martyrs' Shrine (Midland, Ontario, Canada)
- North American Martyrs
- Top eight Catholic pilgrimage destinations in the US
References
- ↑ "Jesuit North American Martyr Featured on Tonight’s EWTN Miniseries", National Jesuit News, July 11, 2011
- ↑ Lindsay, Lionel. "René Goupil." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 24 Aug. 2014
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Campbell, Thomas. "St. Isaac Jogues," The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 24 Aug. 2014
- ↑ Manna, Louis. "A pastor’s pilgrimage: Shrines honor lives and ministries of North American Martyrs", The Criterion, Archdiocese of Indianapolis, May 21, 2010
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Campbell, Thomas. "Auriesville." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 24 Aug. 2014
- ↑ Donald A. RUMRILL, “An Interpretation and Analysis of the Seventeenth Century Mohawk Nation: Its Chronology and Movements,” The Bulletin and Journal of Archaelogy for New York State, 1985, vol. 90, pp. 1-39
- ↑ Dean R. SNOW, (1995) Mohawk Valley Archaeology: The Sites, University at Albany Institute for Archaeological Studies (First Edition); Occasional Papers Number 23, Matson Museum of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University (Second Edition).
- ↑ Shrine Information - National Shrine of Our Lady of Martyrs. <www.martyrshrine.org>. Accessed on: 16 May 2008.[dead link]
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