Odontoglossum

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Odontoglossum
File:Odontoglossum crispum.jpg
Odontoglossum crispum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
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Oncidium
Genus:
Odontoglossum

HB. & K.
Type species
Odontoglossum epidendroides
Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth 1816
Species

See text

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Odontoglossum, first named in 1816 by Karl Sigismund Kunth, is a genus of about 100 orchids. The scientific name is derived from the Greek words odon (tooth) and glossa (tongue), referring to the two tooth-like calluses on the base of the lip. This genus of cool to cold growing orchids is to be found on open spots in the humid cloud forest at higher elevations from Central- and West South America to Guyana, with most species around the northern Andes. The abbreviation for this genus is Odm. in the horticultural trade.[1]

Most are sympodial epiphytes, or rarely terrestrials.

The pseudobulbs are compact with leaf-like bracts at the base. They give one to three apical leaves. An arching (and sometimes erect) inflorescence grows from its base. The ruffled sepals and petals of these spectacular flowers are spreading. The lip is rather complex, entire or with three lobes. It stands erect or parallel to the long column. The high altitude species show long inflorescences with up to 150 flowers (as in O. cirrhosum), while the lower altitude species have shorter inflorescences with up to 20 flowers. These flowers may be white, red, purple, brown, yellow, or even be blotched with a showy blend of many colors.

Many of these species are in great demand with orchid lovers because of their spectacular and flamboyant flowers.

Species

This genus used to contain more than 400 species. Many have now been reclassified in other genera such as Amparoa, Aspasia, Cochlioda, Cuitlauzina, Cyrtochilum, Gomesa, Lemboglossum, Mesoglossum, Miltonia, Miltonioides, Oliveriana, Oncidium, Osmoglossum, Otoglossum, Rhynchostele, Rossioglossum and Ticoglossum. This new genera occurred outside the Andes in different climatological habitats.

The following list gives the presently accepted names. There are six subgenera : Erectolobata, Lindleyana, Nevadensia, Odontoglossum, Serratolaminata and Unguisepala.

Natural hybrids

  • Odontoglossum × acuminatissimum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. cristatum × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × adrianae L.Linden 1879 (O. nobile × O. luteopurpureum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × andersonianum Rchb.f. 1868 (O. crispum × O. gloriosum) (Colombia to Venezuela)
  • Odontoglossum × brandtii Kraenzl. & Wittm., G 1889 (O. cirrhosum × O. nobile) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × cookianum Rolfe, 1891 (O. sanderianum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × coradinei Rchb.f. 1872 (O. crispum × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × dicranophorum Rchb.f., 1888 (O. lindleyanum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × elegans Rchb.f. 1879 (O. cirrhosum × O. cristatum) (Ecuador)
  • Odontoglossum × excellens Rchb.f. 1881 (O. nobile × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × godseffianum Rolfe, 1894 (O. auriculatum × O. spectatissimum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × hennisii Rolfe, 1894 (O. kegeljani × O. tenue) (Peru)
  • Odontoglossum × hinnus Rchb.f., 1870 (O. hallii × O. cirrhosum) (Ecuador)
  • Odontoglossum × kraenzlinii O'Brien, 1893 (O. naevium × O. schillerianum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × leeanum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. crocodipterum × O. schillerianum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × limbatum Rchb.f. 1870 (O. nobile × O. lindleyanum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × marriottianum Rchb.f. 1881 (O. crispum × O. hallii) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × mulus Rchb.f., 1870 (O. luteopurpureum × O. gloriosum) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × murrellianum Rchb.f. 1875 (O. naevium × O. nobile) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × schroederianum Rchb.f. 1882 (O. nobile × O. tripudians) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × stellimicans Rchb.f. 1884 (O. lindleyanum × O. tripudians) (Colombia)
  • Odontoglossum × wilckeanum Rchb.f. 1880 (O. crispum × O. luteopurpureum) (Colombia to Venezuela)

Intergeneric hybrids

Odontoglossum lends itself to the production of many artificial intergeneric hybrids. The hybrids with red pigmentation are nearly all derived from a crossing with the genus Cochlioda and especially with Cochlioda noezliana :

File:Beallara Marfitch Howards Dream.jpg
xBeallara "Marfitch Howards Dream"
New Year card by Helga von Cramm. Prayer by Marianne Farningham. (4.25 x 5.5 inches). c. 1880.
  • xAdaglossum : Ada x Odontoglossum
  • xAlexanderara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xAndreettara J.M.H.Shaw : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
  • xAspodonia : Aspasia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
  • xBakerara : Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xBaldwinara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xBanfieldara : Ada x Brassia x Odontoglossum
  • xBarbosaara : Cochlioda x Gomesa x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xBaumannara : Comparettia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xBeallara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
  • xBiltonara : Ada x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
  • xBlackara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
  • xBrassia R. Br. 1813 Cochlioda Lindl. 1853 × Miltonia Lindl. 1837 × Odontoglossum Kunth 1816
  • xBrillandeara : Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xBrummittara : Comparettia x Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
  • xBurkhardtara : Leochilus x Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
  • xBurrageara : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xCambria : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Oncidium x Odontoglossum
  • xCampbellara : Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
  • xCarpenterara : Baptistonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xColmanara : Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xDegarmoara : Brassia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
  • xDerosaara : Odontoglossum x Miltonia x Aspasia x Brassia
  • xDoncollinara : Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
  • xGomoglossum : Gomesa x Odontoglossum
  • xGoodaleara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xHamiltonara : Ada x Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
  • xKriegerara : Ada x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xLagerara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
  • xMaclellanara : Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xMaunderara : Ada x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xMiltodontrum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Miltonia Lindl. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.).
  • xMorrisonara : Ada x Odontoglossum x Miltonia
  • xOdontioda  : Odontoglossum x Cochlioda
  • xOdontobrassia : Brassia x Odontoglossum
  • xOdontocentrum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.).
  • xOdontocidium : Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xOdontokoa J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Zelenkoa M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams).
  • xOdontonia : Miltonia x Odontoglossum
  • xOdontopilia : Odontoglossum x Trichopilia
  • xOdontorettia : Comparettia x Odontoglossum
  • xOdontozelencidium J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Odontoglossum Kunth x Oncidium Sw. x Zelenkoa M.W.Chase & N.H.Williams).
  • xRhyntonossum J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Miltonia Lindl. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Rhynchostele Rchb.f.).
  • xRichardsonara : Aspasia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xRoccaforteara : Odontoglossum x Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda
  • xRodriglossum : Odontoglossum x Rodriguezia
  • xRuppara : Gomesa x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xSanderara : Brassia x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
  • xSchafferara : Aspasia x Brassia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
  • xSegerara : Aspasia x Cochlioda x Miltonia x Oncidium x Odontoglossum
  • xShiveara : Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xStewartara : Ada x Cochlioda x Odontoglossum
  • xVanalstyneara : Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium x Rodriguezia
  • xVuylstekeara : Cochlioda x Miltonia x Odontoglossum
  • xWatsonara J.M.H.Shaw 2004 : (Brassia R.Br. x Odontoglossum Kunth x Oncidium Sw. x Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl.)
  • xWilsonara : Cochlioda x Odontoglossum x Oncidium
  • xWingfieldara : Aspasia x Brassia x Odontoglossum
  • xWithnerara : Aspasia x Miltonia x Odontoglossum x Oncidium

References

External links