Roman Catholicism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. The Roman Catholic Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
Contents
History
Antiquity
Christianity arrived at the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina during 1st century. Saint Paul in his Epistle to the Romans recorded that he had brought the Gospel of Christ in Illyria. Saint Jerome, Doctor of the Church who was born in Stridon (today Šuica, Bosnia and Herzegovina), wrote that St. Paul preached in Illyria. It is therefore considered that Christianity arrived on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1st century, through Paul's disciples or Paul himself. After the Edict of Milan, Christianity spread rapidly, and the Christians and bishops from the area of today's Bosnia and Herzegovina gathered around two metropolitan seats, Salona and Sirmium. Several early Christian dioceses have developed in the 4th, 5th and 6th centuries. At the Church synod in Salona in 530 and 533, Andrija, Bishop of Bistue (episcopus Bestoensis), was mentioned. Bishop Andrija probably had the seat of in the Roman municipium Bistue Nova near Zenica. Synod in the Salona decided to create a new diocese, Diocese of Bistue Vetus, separating it from the Diocese of Bistue Nova. Several dioceses have developed on the south: Diocese of Martari (today Konjic), Diocese of Sarsenterum, Diocese of Delminium, Diocese of Baloie and Diocese of Lausinium.[1]
Medieval era
After the arrival of the Croats on the Adriatic coast in the early 7th century, Frankish and Byzantine rulers started baptizing Croats who inhabited the area of present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina to the Drina River. Christianization was also influenced by the proximity of the old Roman cities in Dalmatia. Christianity spread from the Dalmatian coast towards the interior of the Duchy of Croatia. This area was under the administration of archbishops of Split, successors of Salona's archbishops, who attempted to restore the ancient Duvno Diocese. Northern Bosnia was under the administration of the Pannonian-Moravian archbishopric established in 869 by Saint Methodius of Thessaloniki, Apostle to the Slavs.[2]
In 11th century Diocese of Bosnia was established. Based on a collection of historical documents Provinciale Vetus, published in 1188, which mention it twice, once subordinated to the Archdiocese of Split, and another time under the Archdiocese of Ragusa, it is assumed that it came into existence between 1060 and 1075.[3]
Restoration of regular ecclesiastical hierarchy
After Bosnia Vilayet came under Austro-Hungarian rule in 1878, pope Leo XIII has decided to restore regular ecclesiastical hierarchy in it. In the Apostolic Letter Ex hac augusta from 5 July 1881, Pope established a separate ecclesiastical province, consisting of 4 dioceses, in the political borders of Bosnia and Herzegovina and repealing previous apostolic vicariates. The city of Sarajevo, which is named the ancient name of Vrhbosna, became the archdiocesan and metropolitan seat. Its suffragan dioceses became the newly established dioceses in Banja Luka and Mostar and existing Trebinje-Mrkan Diocese. Since it is within the boundaries of the Mostar Diocese, Duvno (Delminium), ancient diocese, was located, the bishop of Mostar received the title of the bishop of Mostar-Duvno to maintain the memory of that diocese.[4]
In Vrhbosna, Cathedral chapter was immediately established while in other dioceses additional time was given for its establishment.[5]
Josip Juraj Strossmayer, bishop of Bosnia or Ðakovo and Srijem in his letter to Serafino Vannutelli, nuncio to Vienna, from March 1881, considered that the establishment of new dioceses is required but he was not for the establishment of metropolitan seat in Bosnia because it does not achieve the necessary bonding and connecting the Church in Croatia.[2]
Interwar period
Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (from 1929 Kingdom of Yugoslavia) was formed on 1 December 1918 by the merger of the provisional State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (itself formed from territories of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire) with the formerly independent Kingdom of Serbia.
Although the opinions of Catholic Church circles in Bosnia and Herzegovina about the union with Serbia was divided, after the unification Catholic bishops, including Stadler, encouraged both priests and faithful on loyalty towards the new government. They considered that in the new State Croats can realize their national rights and that the Catholic Church will have rights and freedom of action. But eventually when it became obvious that things would not be such, relations between Church and State became colder and the clergy offered more resistance to the Government.[6]
Seven days after unification archbishop Stadler died. Ivan Šarić was supposed to be appointed his successor immediately after his death but the Royal government in Belgrade and the Franciscans in Bosnia were against him because they considered him Stadlers continuator. After three years, on 2 May 1922 Šarić was appointed Archbishop of Vrhbosna.[6]
Modern history
The 1969 Banja Luka earthquake destroyed the cathedral of the Diocese of Banja Luka.[7] The new cathedral was built from 1972 to 1973.
Following the 1992-95 war, some Croatian Catholics of Bosnia and Herzegovina fled to Croatia, and the local Bishop was said to be struggling to have them return to their homeland because of persistent difficulties there.[8]
Pope John Paul II's visit to Banja Luka and Bosnia-Herzegovina of 23 June 2003. helped to draw the attention of Catholics worldwide to the need to reconstruct the Church in the country.[9] The destruction of churches and chapels was one of the most visible wounds of the 1992-95 war. In the Diocese of Banja Luka alone, which the Pope visited Sunday, 39 churches were destroyed and 22 suffered considerable damage. Nine chapels were destroyed and 14 were damaged; two convents were devastated and one severely damaged, as were 33 cemeteries.[9]
In 2009, the remains of friar Maksimilijan Jurčić, killed by Partisans on 28 January 1945, were discovered and subsequently buried in Široki Brijeg.[10][11] Among those in attendance at the funeral was Ljubo Jurčić the friar's nephew, and the Croatian consul-general in Mostar Velimir Pleša.[12] The cause of the martyrdom of the Herzegovinian Franciscans is led by the Vicepostulation Fra Leo Petrović and 65 Comrades.[13]
Hierarchy
The Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina has one province: Sarajevo. There are one archdiocese and 3 dioceses which are divided into archdeaconries, deaneries and parishes.
| Province | Diocese | Approximate Territory | Cathedral | Creation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sarajevo | ||||
| Archdiocese of Vrhbosna Archidioecesis Vrhbosnensis o Seraiensis |
Central Bosnia, Semberija, Posavina, Podrinje | Sacred Heart Cathedral | 11th century (originally as Diocese of Bosnia, elevated to Archdiocese 1881) | |
| Diocese of Banja Luka Dioecesis Banialucensis |
Bosanska Krajina, Tropolje, Donji Krajevi, Pounje | Cathedral of Saint Bonaventure | 5 July 1881 | |
| Diocese of Mostar-Duvno Dioecesis Mandentriensis-Dulminiensis |
Herzegovina, Gornje Podrinje | Cathedral of Mary, Mother of the Church | 6th century (originally as Diocese of Duvno) | |
| Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan Dioecesis Tribuniensis-Marcanensis |
South and East Herzegovina | Cathedral of the Birth of Mary | 984 | |
| - | Military Ordinariate of Bosnia and Herzegovina Ordinariatus Militaris in Bosnia et Herzegovina |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 February 2011 |
Zavalje parish of the Diocese of Gospić-Senj is on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
There are two Franciscan provinces in the country, the Franciscan Province of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary based in Mostar and the Franciscan Province of Bosna Srebrena based in Sarajevo.
Shrines in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Shrine of the Queen of Peace in Međugorje
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Međugorje, a village located in Herzegovina and parish in Diocese of Mostar-Duvno, has been the site of alleged apparitions of the Virgin Mary since June 24, 1981. From the beginning it became an important place of pilgrimage for millions of people and thousands prayer groups. The phenomenon is not officially approved by the Catholic Church.[14][15] The Holy See announced in March 2010 that it had established a Commission under the auspices of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith to evaluate the apparitions, headed by Cardinal Camillo Ruini.[16]
Shrine of Our Lady of Olovo
Church of the Assumption is a Catholic church in Olovo known better as a Marian pilgrimage site. The Olovo Shrine of Our Lady is among the most important pilgrimage sites in Southeast Europe. According to one record back to 1679, to the Our Lady in Olovo pilgrimage were made by Catholics and gentiles, apart from Bosnia, also from Bulgaria, Serbia, Albania and Croatia. And nowadays the shrine in Olovo is an attractive place of pilgrimage. Pilgrimage mainly happens on the Feast of the Assumption, in the middle of August, but also in other circumstances. In the Olovo shrine are two paintings of Our Lady. One is from the 18th century labelled S. Maria Plumbensis, which until 1920 was with the Franciscans in Ilok, and later in Petrićevac and in Sarajevo, and in 1964 it was transferred to Olovo. The second painting was done in 1954 by Gabriel Jurkić by the description of the former Olovo Lady painting, which disappeared.
Shrine of Saint John the Baptist of Podmilačje
The Shrine of St. John the Baptist in Podmilačje is one of the oldest shrines in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Church of St. John is in the village of Podmilačje which is 10 kilometers away from Jajce, under massive stones on which there was, as presumed, a medieval tower from which the soldiers of Hrvoje Vukčić guarded and defended the entrance to the city. The first mention of Podmilačje is in a document of King Stjepan Tomašević dating from 1461. At that time, the church of St. John had already existed. On the basis of the stylistic features of the portal, it can be concluded that the construction of the church dates back to the mid-fifteenth century. During the Ottoman period the church was not damaged or destroyed. This is the only medieval church in Bosnia that continually served its purpose. According to legend, the church of St. John “moved” during the night from the village of Pšenik, on the left bank of the river Vrbas, to the village of Podmilačje, on the right bank of the river, because the Turks had been keeping goats in it. Legend also has it that one pillar still stands in the river Vrbas and can be seen when the water level is low. The area of the church of St. John in Podmilačje represents an important place of pilgrimage for Catholics. Once a year, on the eve of St. John’s feast which is on June 24, a multitude of people come to this place. The pilgrims believe in the healing properties of Saint John, especially for chronic and mental diseases.
Shrine of Saint Leopold Mandić in Maglaj
Maglaj is a town in central Bosnia located in the Bosna river valley near Doboj. The town was first mentioned on the 16 September 1408 in the Charter (sub castro nostro Maglay) of the Hungarian King Sigismund. The Parish Maglaj was officially restored in 1970, and in the same year a rectory was built. In autumn of 1976 an already dilapidated old church of St. Anthony was demolished built in 1919. Building of a new church and shrine of St. Leopold Mandić began in the spring of 1977 and its bases were blessed on the 15 May the same year. On the 17 June 1979, the shrine of St. Leopold Bogdan Mandić in Maglaj was ceremoniously opened.
Apostolic Nunciature
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The Apostolic Nunciature to Bosnia and Herzegovina is an ecclesiastical office of the Roman Catholic Church in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The office of the nunciature has been located in Sarajevo since 1993. The first Apostolic Auncio to Bosnia and Herzegovina was Francesco Monterisi who was in office from June 1993 until March 1998. The current Apostolic Nuncio is His Most Reverend Excellency Luigi Pezzuto, who was appointed by Pope Benedict XVI on 17 November 2012.[17]
See also
References
- ↑ Catholic Encyclopedia:Bosnia and Herzegovina
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ OŠJ 1975, p. 134.
- ↑ Leo XIII, Ex hac augusta
- ↑ Leo XIII, Ex hac augusta
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 35 godina od katastrofalnog potresa u Banjoj Luci, Vjesnik
- ↑ ZENIT
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Pope's Trip Helped Highlight the Plight
- ↑ Široki Brijeg: Pokopani posmrtni ostaci fra Maksimilijana Jurčića
- ↑ Misa za 66 ubijenih hercegovačkih franjevaca, Catholic Press Agency Zagreb
- ↑ FRA MAKSIMILIJAN POKOPAN CRKVI UZNESENJA BL. DJEVICE MARIJE
- ↑ Vicepostulatura postupka mučeništva »Fra Leo Petrović i 65 subraće«
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Pope finally launches crackdown on world's largest illicit Catholic shrine and suspends 'dubious' priest. (Sep 3, 2008). Caldwell, Simon. Mail Online. Retrieved Feb 28, 2010.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
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