SH3 domain
| SH3 domain | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200px
Ribbon diagram of the SH3 domain, alpha spectrin, from chicken (PDB accession code 1SHG), colored from blue (N-terminus) to red (C-terminus).
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| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | SH3_1 | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00018 | ||||||||
| Pfam clan | CL0010 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001452 | ||||||||
| SMART | SM00326 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PS50002 | ||||||||
| SCOP | 1shf | ||||||||
| SUPERFAMILY | 1shf | ||||||||
| CDD | cd00174 | ||||||||
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The SRC Homology 3 Domain (or SH3 domain) is a small protein domain of about 60 amino acids residues first identified as a conserved sequence in the viral adaptor protein v-Crk and the non-catalytic parts of enzymes such as phospholipase and several cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases such as Abl and Src.[1][2] It has also been identified in several other protein families such as: PI3 Kinase, Ras GTPase-activating protein, CDC24 and cdc25.[3][4][5] SH3 domains are found in proteins of signaling pathways regulating the cytoskeleton, the Ras protein, and the Src kinase and many others. They also regulate the activity state of adaptor proteins and other tyrosine kinases and are thought to increase the substrate specificity of some tyrosine kinases by binding far away from the active site of the kinase. Approximately 300 SH3 domains are found in proteins encoded in the human genome.
Contents
Structure
The SH3 domain has a characteristic beta-barrel fold that consists of five or six β-strands arranged as two tightly packed anti-parallel β sheets. The linker regions may contain short helices. The SH3-type fold is an ancient fold found in eukaryotes as well as prokaryotes.[6]
Peptide binding
The classical SH3 domain is usually found in proteins that interact with other proteins and mediate assembly of specific protein complexes, typically via binding to proline-rich peptides in their respective binding partner. Classical SH3 domains are restricted in humans to intracellular proteins, although the small human MIA family of extracellular proteins also contain a domain with an SH3-like fold.
Many SH3-binding epitopes of proteins have a consensus sequence that can be represented as a regular expression or Short linear motif:
-X-P-p-X-P- 1 2 3 4 5
with 1 and 4 being aliphatic amino acids, 2 and 5 always and 3 sometimes being proline. The sequence binds to the hydrophobic pocket of the SH3 domain. More recently, SH3 domains that bind to a core consensus motif R-x-x-K have been described. Examples are the C-terminal SH3 domains of adaptor proteins like Grb2 and Mona (a.k.a. Gads, Grap2, Grf40, GrpL etc.). Other SH3 binding motifs have emerged and are still emerging in the course of various molecular studies, highlighting the versatility of this domain.
Proteins with SH3 domain
- Adaptor proteins
- CDC24
- Cdc25
- PI3 kinase
- Phospholipase
- Ras GTPase-activating protein
- Vav proto-oncogene
- GRB2
- p54 S6 kinase 2 (S6K2)
- SH3D21
- C10orf76 (potentially)
- STAC3
- Some myosins
- SHANK1,2,3
See also
References
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External links
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SH3_1
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SH3_2
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SH3_3
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SH3_4
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_SH3_5
- Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_PEX_1
- Nash Lab Protein Interaction Domains in Signal Transduction - The SH3 domain
- GENEART - Screen your protein against all human SH3 domains in a single phage display cycle
