Salem, Ma'ale Iron

From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core
Jump to: navigation, search

<templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>

This article is about an Arab village that forms part of the Israeli local council of Ma'ale Iron. For the other places, see Salem.
Salem
  • סאלם‎
  • سالم‎
Salem in 2016
Salem in 2016
Salem is located in Israel
Salem
Salem
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Grid position 169/216 PAL
District Haifa
Population (2008)
 • Total 1,600
Name meaning from a personal name[1]

Salem or Salim (Arabic: سالم‎‎, Hebrew: סלאם‎) is an Arab village in Israel's Haifa District. The village is in the Wadi Ara area of the northern Triangle, 4 kilometers northeast of Umm al-Fahm. Since 1996, it has been under the jurisdiction of the Ma'ale Iron local council.[2] According to the 2008 census there were 1,600 residents in the village, predominantly Muslims. The village is divided into five neighborhoods: Abu Bakr, Darwish, Subaihat, Ayash and Rifai.[3] Most of the adult males in the village work in manual labour.[4]

History

Pottery from the Persian[5] and the Hellenistic era have been found, and a rock-hewn installation has been excavated from the latter period.[6]

Pottery and coins have been also been found from the Roman period,[7] in addition to pottery from the Byzantine,[7][8] early Islamic and Mamluk period.[7]

Ottoman era

salem, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596, the village was located in the nahiya of Sara in the liwa of Lajjun. It had a population of 9 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; the taxes totalled 4,300 akçe.[9]

In 1870, Victor Guérin found here "distinct traces" of ancient buildings.[10] In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described salem as a "small village standing above the road, with a well on the north."[11]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census the population of the village was 44; all Muslims.[12] Both in the 1931 census and in 1945 the population was counted with that of Rummanah.[13][14]

1948 war and after

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War the village and the surrounding area came under Iraqi control.[15] In March 1949 Jordanian forces replaced the Iraqi forces in Wadi Ara.[15] On 3 April 1949 Israel and Jordan signed an armistice agreement, in which Israel would receive the Wadi Ara area.[16] During the war, 15 refugee families settled in the village.[17]

In 1954, salem's population was around 140[18] and in 1961 it reached 170.

In November 1954, a Jordanian force entered the village and attacked and a squad of Magav policemen, wounding one.[19] The incident caused outrage because the villagers did not report that the village was captured and did not oppose the force and allowed it to attack Israeli security personal. The villagers claimed they were closed in their home.[18] The villagers had strong relation with the nearby Palestinian village Rummanah in the West Bank, because two of the salem's clans originated in Rummanah. In the 50s there were constant smuggling between the two villages.[18]

salem is one of the villages of Wadi Ara that lacked municipal status after the establishment of Israel.[20] and was under the administration of mukhtars (village headmen) who were appointed by the Interior Ministry[21] and salem's muckhtar was named Taleb Abu Bakr[4] and he administrated the village until 1992 when the Interior Ministry established the Nahal Iron Regional council, uniting it with seven other Arab villages. salem was one of the two villages that cooperated with the council while the other villages objected the administrative arrangement, and sought independent municipal status for each village. During this period most of the existing roads in salem were paved. To allay local concerns in other villages, the Interior Ministry established an investigative committee to examine other options, and in 1996, decided to split the regional council into two local councils: Ma'ale Iron, which includes salem, and Basma.[2]

Demograhics

Population

According the the 2008 Census of the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), salem had 1,600 residents, of them 99.9% are Muslim.
49.8% are under 17, 48.1% are aged 18–64 and 2.1% are older than 65. The median age is 18.[22]

Development of the population[12][23][22]
Year 1922 1961 1972 1983 1995 2008
Population 44 168 248 482 675 1,600

Labour

According the the 2008 Census of the CBS, 32.5% of the residents were in the annual civilian labour force; 60.4% of the men; 0.9% of the women. 49.3% of the men workforce worked in construction, 9.8% in wholesale, retail trade and Auto Mechanism, 8.8% in manufacturing and the rest in various other sectors. 100% of the women workforce worked in education.[22]

Clans

Salem is divided into two parts. The western part is inhabited by members of the Abu Bakr clan which orginiated in Ya'bad and in 2001 numbered 3,500, where 3,000 lived in the West Bank and 500 lived in Israel, 300 in salem and 200 in nearby Zalafa. The Eastern part is inhabited by members of the Araf'aiya and Subaihat clans, as well as some other clans.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 152
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Mahamid, 2006, Salim (East)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Cohen and Haiman, 2008, Salim
  8. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, pp. 740–1
  9. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 159
  10. ↑ Guérin, 1875, pp. 230-232; mentioned in Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 68
  11. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 45
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Jenin, p. 30
  13. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 70
  14. ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 16
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 The Politics of Partition; King Abdullah, The Zionists, and Palestine 1921–1951 Avi Shlaim Oxford University Press Revised Edition 2004 ISBN 0-19-829459-X pp. 299, 312
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ 1995 Census - List of communities, geographical characters and population 1948, 1961, 1972, 1983, 1995, Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 25 May 2016

Bibliography

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. (p. 96)

External links

Retrieved from "https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Salem,_Ma%27ale_Iron&oldid=723246503"