Threatened fauna of Australia

Threatened fauna of Australia are those species and subspecies of birds, fish, frogs, insects, mammals, molluscs, crustaceans and reptiles to be found in Australia that are in danger of becoming extinct. This list is the list proclaimed under the Australian federal Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The classifications are based on those used by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), however IUCN and Australian rankings do differ.

A Gouldian finch, a bird classified as endangered on the list of threatened fauna of Australia.

Extinct in the wild

One fish is listed as extinct in the wild.

• Pedder galaxias, Galaxias pedderensis

Critically endangered

Four mammals, six birds, two reptiles, three fish and five other species are listed as critically endangered.

Invertebrates

• Amphipod crustacean Austrogammarus australis
• Freshwater snail Beddomeia tumida
• Boggomoss snail, Dawson Valley snail, Adclarkia dawsonensis
• Margaret River hairy marron, Cherax tenuimanus
• Lord Howe Island stick insect, Dryococelus australis
• Golden sun moth, Synemon plana
• Mitchell's rainforest snail, Thersites mitchellae

Fish

• Grey nurse shark, Carcharias taurus - east coast population
• Western trout minnow, western trout galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus hesperius
• Speartooth shark, Glyphis glyphis
• Opal cling goby, Stiphodon semoni

Reptiles

• Western swamp tortoise, Pseudemydura umbrina
• Leathery turtle, leatherback turtle, luth, Dermochelys coriacea

Birds

• Scrubtit (King Island subspecies), Acanthornis magnus greenianus
• Spotted quail-thrush (Mt Lofty Ranges subspecies), Cinclosoma punctatum anachoreta
• Yellow chat (Dawson subspecies), Epthianura crocea macgregori
• Orange-bellied parrot, Neophema chrysogaster
• Round Island petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana
• Herald petrel, Pterodroma heraldica

Mammals

• Gilbert's potoroo, Potorous gilbertii
• Christmas Island pipistrelle, Pipistrellus murrayi
• Bare-rumped sheathtail bat, Saccolaimus saccolaimus nudicluniatus
• Southern bent-wing bat, Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii

Endangered

Thirty-four mammals, thirty-eight birds, eleven reptiles, eighteen frogs, sixteen fishes and eleven other species are listed as endangered.

Invertebrates

• Desert sand-skipper, aestiva skipper, Croitana aestiva
• Central North burrowing crayfish, Engaeus granulatus
• Furneaux burrowing crayfish, Engaeus martigener
• Scottsdale burrowing crayfish, Engaeus spinicaudatus
• Gove crow butterfly, Euploea alcathoe enastri
• Broad-toothed stag beetle, Wielangta stag beetle, Lissotes latidens
• Land snail Mesodontrachia fitzroyana
• Lord Howe placostylus, Lord Howe flax snail, Placostylus bivaricosus
• Land snail Semotrachia euzyga
• Land snail Sinumelon bednalli
• Moth Phyllodes imperialis (southern subspecies)

Fish

This exceptionally large Macquarie perch was caught on a lure (visible in the picture) and was carefully released.

• Spotted handfish, spotted-hand fish, Brachionichthys hirsutus
• Elizabeth Springs goby, Chlamydogobius micropterus
• Golden galaxias, Galaxias auratus
• Swan galaxias, Galaxias fontanus
• Barred galaxias, Galaxias fuscus
• Clarence galaxias, Galaxias johnstoni
• Northern river shark, New Guinea river shark, Glyphis garricki
• Clarence River cod, eastern freshwater cod, Maccullochella ikei
• Trout cod, Maccullochella macquariensis
• Mary River cod, Maccullochella peelii mariensis
• Macquarie perch, Macquaria australasica
• Lake Eacham rainbowfish, Melanotaenia eachamensis
• Oxleyan pygmy perch, Nannoperca oxleyana
• Arthurs paragalaxias, Paragalaxias mesotes
• Maugean skate, Port Davey skate, Zearaja maugeana
• Redfin blue-eye, Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis

Amphibians

Corroboree frog

• White-bellied frog, creek frog, Geocrinia alba
• Yellow-spotted tree frog, yellow-spotted bell frog, Litoria castanea
• Armoured mistfrog, Litoria lorica
• Waterfall frog, torrent tree frog, Litoria nannotis
• Mountain mistfrog, Litoria nyakalensis
• Spotted tree frog, Litoria spenceri
• Fleay's frog, Mixophyes fleayi
• Southern barred frog, giant barred frog, Mixophyes iteratus
• Lace-eyed tree frog, Australian lace-lid, Nyctimystes dayi
• Baw Baw frog, Philoria frosti
• Southern corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree
• Sunset frog, Spicospina flammocaerulea
• Eungella day frog, Taudactylus eungellensis
• Tinkling frog, Taudactylus rheophilus
• Booroolong frog, Litoria booroolongensis

Reptiles

Loggerhead turtle

• Loggerhead turtle, Caretta caretta
• Yellow-snouted ground gecko, Diplodactylus occultus
• Arhem land egernia, Egernia obiri
• Slater's skink, floodplain skink, Egernia slateri slateri
• Western spiny-tailed skink, Egernia stokesii badia
• Gulf snapping turtle, Elusor lavarackorum
• Mary River tortoise, Elusor macrurus
• Blue Mountains water skink, Eulamprus leuraensis
• Corangamite water skink, Eulamprus tympanum marnieae
• Pacific ridley, olive ridley, Lepidochelys olivacea
• Allan's lerista, retro slider, Lerista allanae
• Pygmy blue-tongue lizard, Adelaide blue-tongue lizard, Tiliqua adelaidensis
• Grassland earless dragon, Tympanocryptis lineata pinguicolla

Birds

• Brown thornbill (King Island) Acanthiza pusilla archibaldi
• Christmas Island goshawk Accipiter fasciatus natalis
• Wedge-tailed eagle (Tasmanian) Aquila audax fleayi
• Red-tailed black-cockatoo (south-eastern) Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne
• Glossy black-cockatoo (South Australian), glossy black-cockatoo (Kangaroo Island) Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus
• Carnaby's black-cockatoo, short-billed black-cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris
• Southern cassowary (Australian) Casuarius casuarius johnsonii
• Emerald dove (Christmas Island) Chalcophaps indica natalis
• Norfolk Island green parrot, red-fronted parakeet (Norfolk Island) Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae cookii
• Coxen's fig parrot Cyclopsitta diophthalma coxeni

Golden-shouldered parrot.

• Eastern bristlebird Dasyornis brachypterus
• Amsterdam albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis
• Tristan albatross Diomedea dabbenena
• Northern royal albatross Diomedea sanfordi
• Gouldian finch Erythrura gouldiae
• Buff-banded rail (Cocos (Keeling) Islands) Gallirallus philippensis andrewsi
• Chestnut-rumped heathwren (Mt Lofty Ranges) Hylacola pyrrhopygia parkeri
• Swift parrot Lathamus discolor
• Helmeted honeyeater Lichenostomus melanops cassidix
• Southern giant-petrel Macronectes giganteus
• Black-eared miner Manorina melanotis
• Hooded robin (Tiwi Islands) Melanodryas cucullata melvillensis
• Star finch (eastern), star finch (southern) Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda
• Norfolk Island boobook, southern boobook (Norfolk Island) Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata
• Forty-spotted pardalote Pardalotus quadragintus
• Night parrot Pezoporus occidentalis
• Western ground parrot Pezoporus flaviventris
• Black-throated finch (southern) Poephila cincta cincta
• Golden-shouldered parrot Psephotus chrysopterygius
• Western whipbird (western heath) Psophodes nigrogularis nigrogularis
• Gould's petrel Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera
• Antarctic tern (New Zealand) Sterna vittata bethunei
• Southern emu-wren (Fleurieu Peninsula), Mount Lofty southern emu-wren Stipiturus malachurus intermedius
• Abbott's booby Sula abbotti
• Chatham albatross Thalassarche eremita
• Island thrush (Christmas Island) Turdus poliocephalus erythropleurus
• Buff-breasted button-quail Turnix olivii
• Masked owl Tyto novaehollandiae melvillensis
• Regent honeyeater Xanthomyza phrygia

Mammals

• Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus
• Julia Creek dunnart, "Sminthopsis douglasi"
• Northern bettong, Bettongia tropica
• Mountain pygmy-possum, Burramys parvus
• Christmas Island shrew, Crocidura attenuata trichura
• Ampurta, Dasycercus hillieri
• Northern quoll, Dasyurus hallucatus
• Spotted-tailed quoll, yarri, Dasyurus maculatus gracilis (North Queensland subspecies)
• Spot-tailed quoll, spotted-tail quoll, tiger quoll, Dasyurus maculatus maculatus (southeastern mainland population)

Spot-tailed quoll

• Southern right whale, Eubalaena australis
• Leadbeater's possum, Gymnobelideus leadbeateri
• Semon's leaf-nosed bat, greater wart-nosed horseshoe-bat, Hipposideros semoni
• Southern brown bandicoot, Isoodon obesulus obesulus
• Rufous hare-wallaby, Lagorchestes hirsutus unnamed subsp. (central mainland form)
• Bramble Cay melomys, Melomys rubicola
• Northern marsupial mole, Notoryctes caurinus karkarratul, northern
• Southern marsupial mole, Notoryctes typhlops
• Bridled nail-tail wallaby, Onychogalea fraenata
• Dibbler, Parantechinus apicalis
• Western barred bandicoot, Perameles bougainville bougainville (Shark Bay)
• Eastern barred bandicoot, Perameles gunnii unnamed subsp., mainland
• Mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis
• Proserpine rock-wallaby, Petrogale persephone
• Red-tailed phascogale, Phascogale calura
• Long-footed potoroo, Potorous longipes
• Spotted cuscus
• Smoky mouse, Pseudomys fumeus
• Hastings River mouse, Pseudomys oralis
• Greater large-eared horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus philippinensis (large form)
• Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii
• Kangaroo Island dunnart, Sminthopsis aitkeni
• Julia Creek dunnart, Sminthopsis douglasi
• Sandhill dunnart, Sminthopsis psammophila
• Carpentarian rock-rat, Zyzomys palatalis
• Central rock-rat, Zyzomys pedunculatus
• Northern hairy-nosed wombat Lasiorhinus krefftii

Vulnerable

Invertebrates

• Tasmanian giant freshwater lobster, giant lobster, giant freshwater crayfish Astacopsis gouldi
• Barrow Island Draculoides, Draculoides bramstokeri
• Mount Arthur burrowing crayfish, Engaeus orramakunna
• Burnie burrowing crayfish, Engaeus yabbimunna
• A cave-dwelling remipede crustacean, Lasionectes exleyi
• Giant Gippsland earthworm, Megascolides australis
• Bathurst copper, Bathurst copper butterfly, Bathurst copper wing, Bathurst-Lithgow copper, purple copper butterfly, Paralucia spinifera

Fish

The red handfish

• Red handfish Brachionichthys politus
• Grey nurse shark (west coast population) Carcharias taurus (west coast population)
• Great white shark Carcharodon carcharias

Great white shark

• Edgbaston goby Chlamydogobius squamigenus
• Murray hardyhead Craterocephalus fluviatilis
• Swamp galaxias Galaxias parvus
• Saddled galaxias Galaxias tanycephalus
• Eastern dwarf galaxias, dwarf galaxias Galaxiella pusilla
• Murray cod, cod, goodoo Maccullochella peelii peelii
• Blind gudgeon Milyeringa veritas
• Flinders Ranges gudgeon Mogurnda clivicola
• Balston's pygmy perch Nannatherina balstoni
• Yarra pygmy perch Nannoperca obscura
• Ewens pygmy perch, golden pygmy perch, variegated pygmy perch Nannoperca variegata
• Australian lungfish, Queensland lungfish Neoceratodus forsteri
• Blind cave eel Ophisternon candidum
• Shannon paragalaxias Paragalaxias dissimilis
• Great Lake paragalaxias Paragalaxias eleotroides
• Dwarf sawfish, Queensland sawfish Pristis clavata
• Freshwater sawfish, largetooth sawfish Pristis microdon
• Green sawfish, dindagubba, narrowsnout sawfish Pristis zijsron
• Australian grayling Prototroctes maraena
• Honey blue-eye Pseudomugil mellis
• Whale shark Rhincodon typus
• Waterfall Bay handfish Sympterichthys sp. [CSIRO #T1996.01]
• Ziebell's handfish Sympterichthys sp. [CSIRO #T6.01]

Frogs

Growling grass frog

• Orange-bellied frog Geocrinia vitellina
• Giant burrowing frog Heleioporus australiacus
• Green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea
• Littlejohn's tree frog, heath frog Litoria littlejohni
• Wallum sedge frog Litoria olongburensis
• Peppered tree frog Litoria piperata
• Southern bell frog, growling grass frog, warty bell frog Litoria raniformis
• Alpine tree frog, Verreaux's alpine tree frog Litoria verreauxii alpina
• Stuttering frog, southern barred frog (in Victoria) Mixophyes balbus
• Magnificent brood frog Pseudophryne covacevichae
• Northern corroboree frog Pseudophryne pengilleyi
• Kroombit tinker frog, Pleione's torrent frog Taudactylus pleione
• Blue Mountains tree frog Litoria citropa

Reptiles

Ornamental snake (Denisonia maculata).

• Five-clawed worm-skink, long-legged worm-skink Anomalopus mackayi
• Pink-tailed worm-lizard Aprasia parapulchella
• Flinders Ranges worm-lizard Aprasia pseudopulchella
• Hermite Island worm-lizard Aprasia rostrata rostrata
• Green turtle Chelonia mydas
• Lord Howe Island gecko Christinus guentheri
• Three-toed snake-tooth skink Coeranoscincus reticulatus
• Yinnietharra rock dragon Ctenophorus yinnietharra
• Airlie Island ctenotus Ctenotus angusticeps
• Lancelin Island skink Ctenotus lancelini
• Hamelin ctenotus Ctenotus zastictus
• Striped legless lizard Delma impar
• Striped-tailed delma Delma labialis
• Atherton delma, legless lizard Delma mitella
• Collared delma Delma torquata
• Ornamental snake Denisonia maculata
• Great desert skink, tjakura, warrarna, mulyamiji Egernia kintorei
• Yakka skink Egernia rugosa
• Baudin Island spiny-tailed skink Egernia stokesii aethiops
• Bell's turtle, Namoi River turtle, Bell's saw-shelled turtle Elseya belli
• Bellinger River emydura (Bellinger River, NSW) Emydura signata
• Hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata
• Dunmall's snake Furina dunmalli
• Broad-headed snake Hoplocephalus bungaroides
• Christmas Island gecko, Lister's gecko Lepidodactylus listeri
• Mount Cooper striped lerista Lerista vittata
• Olive python (Pilbara subspecies) Liasis olivacea barroni
• Flatback turtle Natator depressus
• Pernatty knob-tail Nephrurus deleani
• Pedra Branca skink, red-throated skink Niveoscincus palfreymani
• Krefft's tiger snake (Flinders Ranges) Notechis ater ater
• Bronzeback snake-lizard Ophidiocephalus taeniatus
• Brigalow scaly-foot Paradelma orientalis
• Lord Howe Island skink Pseudemoia lichenigera
• Christmas Island blind snake Ramphotyphlops exocoeti
• Fitzroy tortoise Rheodytes leukops
• Border thick-tailed gecko Underwoodisaurus sphyrurus

Birds

• Slender-billed thornbill (western) Acanthiza iredalei iredalei
• Grey grasswren (Bulloo) Amytornis barbatus barbatus
• Thick-billed grasswren (eastern) Amytornis textilis modestus
• Thick-billed grasswren (Gawler Ranges) Amytornis textilis myall
• Australian lesser noddy Anous tenuirostris melanops
• Noisy scrub-bird Atrichornis clamosus
• Muir's corella (southern), western long-billed corella (southern) Cacatua pastinator pastinator
• Baudin's black-cockatoo, long-billed black-cockatoo Calyptorhynchus baudinii
• Cape Barren goose (south-western), Recherche Cape Barren goose Cereopsis novaehollandiae grisea

Cape Barren goose

• Western bristlebird Dasyornis longirostris
• Antipodean albatross Diomedea antipodensis
• Southern royal albatross Diomedea epomophora
• Wandering albatross Diomedea exulans
• Gibson's albatross Diomedea gibsoni
• Red goshawk Erythrotriorchis radiatus
• Crested shrike-tit (northern), Northern shrike-tit Falcunculus frontatus whitei
• Christmas Island frigatebird, Andrew's frigatebird Fregata andrewsi
• White-bellied storm-petrel (Tasman Sea or Australasian) Fregetta grallaria grallaria
• Squatter pigeon (southern) Geophaps scripta scripta
• Partridge pigeon (western) Geophaps smithii blaauwi
• Partridge pigeon (eastern) Geophaps smithii smithii
• Blue petrel Halobaena caerulea
• Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata
• Northern giant-petrel Macronectes halli
• Purple-crowned fairy-wren (western) Malurus coronatus coronatus
• White-winged fairy-wren (Barrow Island), Barrow Island black-and-white fairy-wren Malurus leucopterus edouardi
• White-winged fairy-wren (Dirk Hartog Island), Dirk Hartog black-and-white fairy-wren Malurus leucopterus leucopterus
• Crimson finch (white-bellied) Neochmia phaeton evangelinae
• Christmas Island hawk-owl Ninox natalis
• Golden whistler (Norfolk Island) Pachycephala pectoralis xanthoprocta

Golden whistler

• Red-lored whistler Pachycephala rufogularis
• Fairy prion (southern) Pachyptila turtur subantarctica
• Plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus
• Scarlet robin (Norfolk Island) Petroica multicolor multicolor
• Heard shag Phalacrocorax nivalis
• Macquarie shag Phalacrocorax purpurascens
• Sooty albatross Phoebetria fusca
• Princess parrot, Alexandra's parrot Polytelis alexandrae
• Regent parrot (eastern) Polytelis anthopeplus anthopeplus (incorrect subspecies)
• Superb parrot Polytelis swainsonii
• Western whipbird (eastern) Psophodes nigrogularis leucogaster
• Western whipbird (western mallee) Psophodes nigrogularis oberon
• Soft-plumaged petrel Pterodroma mollis
• Kermadec petrel (western) Pterodroma neglecta neglecta
• Australian painted snipe Rostratula australis
• Antarctic tern (Indian Ocean) Sterna vittata vittata
• Southern emu-wren (Eyre Peninsula) Stipiturus malachurus parimeda
• Mallee emu-wren Stipiturus mallee
• Lord Howe Island currawong, pied currawong (Lord Howe Island) Strepera graculina crissalis
• Buller's albatross Thalassarche bulleri
• Indian yellow-nosed albatross Thalassarche carteri
• Shy albatross Thalassarche cauta
• Grey-headed albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma
• Campbell albatross Thalassarche impavida
• Black-browed albatross Thalassarche melanophris
• Pacific albatross Thalassarche nov. sp.
• Salvin's albatross Thalassarche salvini
• White-capped albatross Thalassarche steadi
• Lord Howe woodhen Tricholimnas sylvestris
• Black-breasted button-quail Turnix melanogaster
• Painted button-quail (Houtman Abrolhos) Turnix varius scintillans
• Masked owl (northern) Tyto novaehollandiae kimberli

Mammals

• Sub-antarctic fur-seal Arctocephalus tropicalis
• Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis
• Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus
• Boodie, burrowing bettong (Shark Bay) Bettongia lesueur lesueur
• Boodie, burrowing bettong (Barrow and Boodie Islands) Bettongia lesueur unnamed subsp
• Dingo Canis dingo
• Large-eared pied bat, large pied bat Chalinolobus dwyeri
• Kowari Dasycercus byrnei
• Mulgara Dasycercus cristicauda
• Chuditch, western quoll Dasyurus geoffroii
• Spot-tailed quoll, spotted-tail quoll, tiger quoll (Tasmanian population) Dasyurus maculatus maculatus (Tasmanian population)
• Golden bandicoot (mainland) Isoodon auratus auratus
• Golden bandicoot (Barrow Island) Isoodon auratus barrowensis
• Southern brown bandicoot (Nuyts Archipelago) Isoodon obesulus nauticus
• Spectacled hare-wallaby (Barrow Island) Lagorchestes conspicillatus conspicillatus
• Rufous hare-wallaby (Bernier Island) Lagorchestes hirsutus bernieri
• Rufous hare-wallaby (Dorre Island) Lagorchestes hirsutus dorreae
• Banded hare-wallaby, Marnine, Munning Lagostrophus fasciatus fasciatus
• Wopilkara, Greater stick-nest rat Leporillus conditor
• Barrow Island euro Macropus robustus isabellinus
• Greater bilby Macrotis lagotis
• Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae
• Golden-backed tree-rat Mesembriomys macrurus
• Southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina
• Numbat Myrmecobius fasciatus
• Australian sea-lion Neophoca cinerea
• Northern hopping-mouse Notomys aquilo
• Dusky hopping-mouse, wilkiniti Notomys fuscus
• Eastern long-eared bat Nyctophilus timoriensis (South-eastern form)
• Eastern barred bandicoot (Tasmania) Perameles gunnii gunnii
• Fluffy glider, yellow-bellied glider (Wet Tropics) Petaurus australis unnamed subsp.
• Warru, black-footed rock-wallaby (MacDonnell Ranges race) Petrogale lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race
• Black-footed rock-wallaby (West Kimberley race) Petrogale lateralis West Kimberley race
• Recherche rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis hacketti
• Black-flanked rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis lateralis
• Pearson Island rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis pearsoni
• Brush-tailed rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata
• Yellow-footed rock-wallaby (SA and NSW) Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus
• Long-nosed potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus tridactylus
• Carpentarian antechinus Pseudantechinus mimulus
• Western ringtail possum Pseudocheirus occidentalis
• Plains rat Pseudomys australis
• Djoongari, Alice Springs mouse, Shark Bay mouse Pseudomys fieldi
• Pilliga mouse Pseudomys pilligaensis
• Dayang, heath rat Pseudomys shortridgei
• Spectacled flying-fox Pteropus conspicillatus
• Grey-headed flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus
• Pilbara leaf-nosed bat Rhinonicteris aurantius(Pilbara form)
• Quokka Setonix brachyurus
• Butler's dunnart Sminthopsis butleri
• Boullanger Island dunnart Sminthopsis griseoventer boullangerensis
• Common wombat (Bass Strait) Vombatus ursinus ursinus
• Water mouse, false water rat Xeromys myoides
• Arnhem rock-rat, Arnhem Land rock-rat Zyzomys maini

Conservation dependent

Four fish and one mammal are conservation dependent.

Fish

• School shark, eastern school shark, snapper shark, tope, soupfin shark Galeorhinus galeus
• Orange roughy, deep-sea perch, red roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus
• Eastern gemfish, Rexea solandri (eastern Australian population)
• Southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii

Mammals

• Southern bent-wing bat Miniopterus schreibersii bassanii

Threatened species legislation

Federal threatened species legislation

Refer to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) and Regulations.

State threatened species legislation

Threatened species in Australia are protected (or affected by) by four main types of legislation:

• Protected areas legislation (e.g., National Parks and Wildlife Act 1974 (NSW))
• Threatened species legislation (e.g. Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (NSW))
• Native vegetation conservation laws
• Fisheries legislation

See also

• Extinct Australian animals
• Fauna of Australia
• Invasive species in Australia
• Land clearing in Australia
• Woodchipping in Australia

References

• Department of Environment and Heritage. EPBC Act List of Threatened Fauna