Thymine-DNA glycosylase
Lua error in Module:Infobox_gene at line 33: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TDG gene.[1][2][3] Several bacterial proteins have strong sequence homology with this protein.[4]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the TDG/mug DNA glycosylase family. Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) removes thymine moieties from G/T mismatches by hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA and the mispaired thymine. With lower activity, this enzyme also removes thymine from C/T and T/T mispairings. TDG can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairings with guanine. This enzyme plays a central role in cellular defense against genetic mutation caused by the spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine and cytosine. This gene may have a pseudogene in the p arm of chromosome 12.[3]
Additionally, in 2011, the human thymine DNA glycosylase (hTDG) was reported to efficiently excises 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC), the key oxidation products of 5-methylcytosine in genomic DNA.[5] Later on, the crystal structure of the hTDG catalytic domain in complex with duplex DNA containing 5caC was published, which supports the role of TDG in mammalian 5-methylcytosine demethylation.[6]
Interactions
Thymine-DNA glycosylase has been shown to interact with:
- CREB-binding protein,[7]
- Estrogen receptor alpha,[8]
- Promyelocytic leukemia protein,[9]
- SUMO3,[10] and
- Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1.[10][11]
Interactive pathway map
Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles. [§ 1]
- ↑ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
References
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Further reading
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