Toner refill
Toner refilling is the practice of refilling empty laser printer toner cartridges with new toner powder. This enables the cartridge to be reused, saving the cost of a complete new cartridge and the impact of the waste and disposal of the old one.
Refilling methods
There are several different methods for refilling cartridges:
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Refilling and reuse by the end user | This is normally done by use of a DIY laser toner refill kit that includes a supply of compatible toner, reset chips where required, and instructions for the process of refilling. There are various types of toner powder, and many DIY toner refill products are available either online from ecommerce suppliers or through specialist retail stores. |
| Refilling and resale by the original manufacturer | It is common for toner cartridges to be sold with reply paid labels enabling them to be returned to the manufacturer for recycling and reuse. |
| Refilling and resale by a third party | Many independent companies that sell toner cartridges refill and reuse the original manufacturer's cartridges which they typically obtain from recycling companies. This is generally considered legitimate if the original manufacturer's branding is removed from the recycled product. |
| Refilling as a service | Many independent companies offer a refilling service where customers can bring empty cartridges to be refilled. Toner refill franchises have sprung up over the last few years. Such refill chains offer services for customers to bring their empty toner cartridge and have it refilled on site or exchanges with a ready filled toner cartridge. |
| Toner Remanufacturing | Similar to refilling, with the exception that not only is new toner added to a cartridge, but parts that ordinarily wear out are also reviewed and replaced as required. |
Toner cartridges cannot be refilled indefinitely, because their mechanical parts (such as drums and rollers) eventually wear out and an electro-optical device (the drum) become depleted or scratched. Organizations refilling cartridges for resale usually clean and test each cartridge to ensure that it is fit for reuse and resale. While several sources offer empty inkjet cartridges to be filled with your choice of ink it is difficult to find brand new empty OEM laser cartridges. A further complication is that some models of laser print engines, like most inkjet printers, communicate with "chips" or fuses inside the toner cartridge which indicate that the cartridge is exhausted, whether or not it actually is. Some research is usually required to determine the feasibility of refilling a particular cartridge.
In general, DIY refilling requires opening the cartridge (which was designed to prevent such activity), refilling the toner and capping the opening that was made to gain access. Some cartridges can be disassembled (carefully, lest you dump the toner contents all over yourself). Others require a hole to be drilled; vendors sell a soldering-iron-based device that melts a ~15 mm hole in the plastic housing which is later closed with a plastic cap, or tape.
There are only a couple of critical things to be aware of: all toner is not the same formula (it's not just a matter of quality), and in some cases there may be separate additions of toner and "developer". Most kits sold by refill outfits include instructions for the particular type of printer or copier.
The following basic types of refill toner (differing mainly in particle size and fusing temperature) have been identified by one vendor while other refill vendors insist that each printer or copier model requires a unique type.[citation needed]
- Apple, HP, Canon printers
- Canon PC copiers
- IBM/Lexmark Optra and similar
- Epson EPL, NEC Silentwriter
- Xerox and Sharp
- Samsung and Lexmark Optra E
- Brother
Kits are available to refill the 4 toner cartridges used by colour printers (cyan, magenta, yellow and black), or to fill a single cartridge. Kits include a reset chip where necessary.
Toner types should not be mixed as the cartridge and the printer may be damaged.
While there are environmental benefits to refilling the toner cartridges of laser printers, the option to refill is dependent upon the resulting print quality and reliability of the refilled cartridge.[1]
- Refilling cartridges either by the end user, or as a service, is claimed by most printer manufacturers and toner remanufacturers to be harmful to both the quality and reliability of the prints, the cartridge as well as the life of the printers.[2]
- Life cycle assessments may indicate that recycling is a preferable option.[1]
- The quality of third party toners can vary immensely, and it is important that the toner is correctly specified for the machine make and model.
Common problems can include:
- Insufficient lubricant in the toner, leading to drum, developer unit or cleaning blade damage.
- Wrong melting point, leading to fouling in the fusing unit, print rubbing off, etc.
- Wrong electrostatic properties or particle size, leading to a dirty machine and poor quality print.
- Large amounts of loose toner in the machine can also cause fouling and damage to the mechanisms, and air filters can become clogged, causing overheating.[citation needed]
Companies and individuals that refill toner, however, indicate that in most cases that cost benefits of refilling can sometimes outweigh the costs of buying new cartridges.[3]
Also, it has yet to be evaluated if the percentage of defective original cartridges does not exceed the percentage of defective refilled cartridges. That is to say, any defective performance, between new or refilled cartridges may be the same since they use the same originally manufactured cartridge.[citation needed]
Safety considerations
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As a fine powder, toner can remain suspended in the air for some period, and is considered to have health effects comparable to inert dust. It can be an irritant to people with respiratory conditions such as asthma or bronchitis.
Toner powder is not toxic but does need to be handled with care, as carbon black (one of its components) has been designated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a possible carcinogen.[4] Health and safety regulations must be considered when handling, transporting and storing toner powders.
Gloves should be worn when handling toner as well as a protective dust mask to prevent inhalation. Spilled toner should not be cleaned with a standard vacuum cleaner as it can become electrically charged and ignite a fire, and is so fine that it passes through filters and can escape into the room or the vacuum cleaner motor.
Further reading
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