Tucker's Town, Bermuda
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Tucker's Town is a small, exclusive community in St. George's Parish, Bermuda at the mouth of Castle Harbour, on Tucker's Town Peninsula on Bermuda's main island.
History
Forgotten community
Tucker's Town was founded by the recently arrived Governor of Bermuda Daniel Tucker in 1616, but the land was found "verie meene", while the harbour itself was unprotected from the weather and isolated from the rest of the island.[1] Tucker ignored these issues and began to lay out a street grid plan — featuring a 12-foot-wide (3.7 m) road—and had a small chapel built,[2] but was unable to attract any migrants from the main settlement at St, George's. The following year, only two or three cottages had been built in the area, and those were inhabited by soldiers manning Castle Island.[3] Once the failure of the Town was acknowledged, the land was allotted to officers stationed at Castle Island, and off-duty soldiers tended to spend their time there instead of at the Island's sentry post. The only civilian presence was the family of the fort commander.[2]
By 1750, a small civilian community—35 families living on 350 acres (1.4 km2) of public land—had finally been established, as had a whaling station to support hunting off Bermuda's south shore. In 1758, Governor William Popple regranted the land to a group of wealthy landowners, but this had little effect on the tenants.
In 1780, the Government of Bermuda began an initiative to encourage the cultivation of cotton in Tucker's Town. The move was not commercially successful, as the wrong kind of cotton was grown.[2] By 1834, former slaves owned property in Tucker's Town as part of St. George's large free black population (some 45% of St. George's blacks prior to that year's abolition of slavery).[4]
An 1856 hurricane strike, coupled with frequent waterspouts and tornadoes, destroyed much of the area's pastures and houses.[5] During the American Civil War in the 1860s, hundreds of barrels of gunpowder and saltpetre were stored at Tucker's Town and Smith's Island.[6] In 1862, a 42-year-old black labourer named James Talbot purchased at over 100 acres (0.40 km2) of Tucker's Town from the estate of lawyer Benjamin Dickinson Harvey, whom in 1800 had acquired nearly 200 acres (0.81 km2) of the area. In 1882, Talbot sold part of his estate for a nominal fee so that a school could be built. The school's eight trustees planned for a one-room school that would also be used to encourage temperance (see also: temperance movement). The schoolhouse survives as "Lookout Cottage" at the entrance of the Mid Ocean Club.[5]
Tourism centre
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By the twentieth century, the area was one of Bermuda's poorest and most neglected locales.[5] The Bermuda Development Company was formed in response to growing American tourism. This body aimed to create an exclusive and prestigious enclave for wealthy tourists, and was empowered to force residents to sell their land.[7] The plan was favoured by most Bermudians, who were excited by the prospect of a post-war tourism revival, and a petition objecting to the plan was signed by only 24 people.[8] The land was purchased for well-below asking price, and many of the displaced moved to the area of Devil's Hole.[9] The last to be evicted was Dinna Smith, who was physically removed from her property in 1923.[8]
The BDC managed to score a deal with Furness Withy Steamship Company, who hired Charles B. Macdonald to design a golf course for their new Castle Harbour Hotel, the Mid Ocean Club. Macdonald's course was finished in December, 1921,[10] with the assistance of Portuguese workers from the Azores.[11] The BDC also encouraged the richest of visitors to build their own mansions at Tucker's Town.[9] Childs Frick[9] and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller[12] were among the early elites to build summer homes. The hotel itself was completed, after two years of construction, on 30 November 1931. Opened by Governor General Sir Thomas Astley Cubitt, it featured 400 rooms and was built by 600 Azorean contractors.[13] Prominent visitors were often photographed and used to market Bermuda, and included Babe Ruth, Albert Einstein, Harpo Marx, Irving Berlin and Shirley Temple.[8] In 1935, almost 75,000 tourists visited the country, compared to 27,000 in 1911 and less than 1,400 in 1885.[14]
Following World War II — during which Tucker's Town was garrisoned as the site of the transatlantic telegraph cable hut[15] — the Mid Ocean Club (and Furness, who by that point ran several more hotels in Bermuda) was struggling financially, and in 1951 it was sold to its members. Golf course architect Robert Trent Jones was hired to redesign the course, though he made few changes to MacDonald's design.[10]
Today, individuals such as American businessman and Presidential candidate Ross Perot (who made headlines in 1992 for his involvement in the dynamiting of a live coral reef near his mansion[16]), Prime Minister of Italy Silvio Berlusconi and Mayor of New York City Michael Bloomberg are known residents.[17] There are also many other international millionaires and billionaires that flock to this area of the island, mainly from Europe, the northeast USA and even as far inland as Missouri and Oklahoma.[citation needed]
Tucker's Town gave its name to a song by Hootie & the Blowfish on the 1996 album Fairweather Johnson.
References
- ↑ Jarvis, Michael, Bermuda's Architectural Heritage: St. George's (Bermuda National Trust 1998), p. 14
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Jarvis (1998), p. 149
- ↑ Jarvis (1998), p. 3
- ↑ Jarvis (1998), p. 8
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Jarvis (1998), p. 150
- ↑ Jarvis (1998), p. 52
- ↑ Duncan McDowall, "Trading Places," BERMUDA Magazine, Summer 1996, pp. 18-29 & Duncan McDowall, Another World: Bermuda and the Rise of Modern Tourism (Macmillan Educational: 1999)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Jones, Rosemary. Bermuda: Five Centuries (Panatel: 2004), p. 165
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Jarvis (1998), p. 151
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 The Heritage, Mid Ocean Club, accessed 17 December 2008
- ↑ Jones (2004), p. 117
- ↑ Jarvis (1998), p. 152
- ↑ Jones (2004), p. 168
- ↑ Jarvis (1998), p. 9
- ↑ Jones (2004), p. 187
- ↑ Perot's son in planning row, The Royal Gazette, 20 April 2003
- ↑ Bermuda billionaires' club, The Royal Gazette, 09/03/07
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