Virola
| Virola | |
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| Virola elongata Illustration 1860 | |
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Virola
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| Species | |
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About 67 species, see text. |
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Virola is a genus of medium-sized trees native to the South American rainforest and closely related to other Myristicaceae, such as nutmeg. Species are known commonly as epená, patricá, or cumala. They have glossy, dark green leaves and clusters of tiny yellow flowers, and may emit a pungent odor.
Contents
Traditional use
Several species of this genus have been used to create hallucinogenic snuff powders.[1]
Chemical constituents
The tops of Virola oleifera have been shown to produce lignan-7-ols and verrucosin that have antifungal action regarding Cladosporium sphaerospermum in doses as low as 25 micrograms. Lignan-7-ols oleiferin-B and oleiferin-G worked for Cladosporium cladosporioides starting as low as 10 micrograms.[2]
Species
About 67 species, including:[3]
Gallery
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Virola elongata fruit
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Virola elongata seeds
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Virola carinata embryo
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Virola sebifera
See also
- Myristica — some species of this genus have been reclassified into Virola.
- Ayahuasca
- Entheogen
- Psychedelic plants
References
Notes
- ↑ Torres, C. M., et al. (1991). Snuff powders from pre-Hispanic San Pedro de Atacama: Chemical and contextual analysis. Current Anthropology, 640-649.
- ↑ Sartorelli, P. : Young, M.C.M. : Kato, M.J., Antifungal lignans from the arils of Virola oleifera. Phytochemistry-Oxford. Oxford : Elsevier Science Ltd. Mar 1998. v. 47 (6) p. 1003-1006.
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General references
- Jonathan Ott - Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines (2001) ISBN 1-888755-02-4
- Richard Evans Schultes - Plants of the Gods (1992) ISBN 0-89281-979-0
- Erowid Virola Vault
External links
- Sura.ots.ac.cr: Virola koschnyi — photos and info.
- Gardening.eu: Info on Growing Virola
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