Vorkuta

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For other uses of "Vorkuta", see Vorkuta (disambiguation).
Vorkuta (English)
Воркута (Russian)
Вӧркута (Komi)
-  Town[1]  -
250px
Central Vorkuta
Map of Russia - Komi Republic (2008-03).svg
Location of the Komi Republic in Russia
Vorkuta is located in Komi Republic
Vorkuta
Vorkuta
Location of Vorkuta in the Komi Republic
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
70px
70px
Coat of arms
Flag
Administrative status (as of October 2011)
Country Russia
Federal subject Komi Republic[1]
Administratively subordinated to town of republic significance of Vorkuta[1]
Administrative center of town of republic significance of Vorkuta[1]
Municipal status (as of October 2011)
Urban okrug Vorkuta Urban Okrug[2]
Administrative center of Vorkuta Urban Okrug[2]
Head[3] Yevgeny Shumeyko[3]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 70,548 inhabitants[4]
- Rank in 2010 224th
Time zone MSK (UTC+03:00)[5]
Founded January 4, 1936[6]
Town status since November 26, 1943[6]
Postal code(s)[7] 169900
Dialing code(s) +7 82151[citation needed]
Official website
[[:commons:Category:{{#property:Commons category}}|Vorkuta]] on Wikimedia Commons

Vorkuta (Russian: Воркута́; Komi: Вӧркута, Vörkuta; Nenets for place teems with bears[citation needed]) is a coal-mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic Circle in the Pechora coal basin at the Usa River. Population: 70,548 (2010 Census);[4] 84,917 (2002 Census);[8] 115,646 (1989 Census).[9]

History

Industrial coal fields by Vorkuta River were discovered in 1930 by geologist ru. Georgy was son of another geologist, Alexander Chernov, who promoted the development of the Pechora coal basin, which included Vorkuta fields.[10][11] With this discovery coal mining industry started in Komi ASSR. At the time only southern parts of field were included in Komi ASSR. The northern part, including Vorkuta belonged to Nenets Autonomous Okrug of Arkhangelsk Oblast. In 1931 a geologist settlement was established by the coal field, with most of workers being inmates of Ukhta-Pechora Camp of GULAG (Ухтпечлаг, Ukhpechlag). [10] [12] The origins of the town of Vorkuta are associated in one of the more notorious forced labor camps of the Gulag which was established in 1932, with the start of the mining.

In 1941, Vorkuta and the labor camp system based around it were connected to the rest of the world by a prisoner-built railroad linking Konosha, Kotlas, and the camps of Inta. Town status was granted to Vorkuta on November 26, 1943.[6] It was the largest center of the Gulag camps in European Russia and served as the administrative center for a large number of smaller camps and subcamps, among them Kotlas, Pechora, and Izhma (modern Sosnogorsk). In 1953, the town witnessed a major uprising by the camp inmates.

Administrative and municipal status

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with eight urban-type settlements (Komsomolsky, Mulda, Oktyabrsky, Promyshlenny, Severny, Vorgashor, Yeletsky, and Zapolyarny) and seven rural localities, incorporated as the town of republic significance of Vorkuta—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the town of republic significance of Vorkuta is incorporated as Vorkuta Urban Okrug.[2]

Economy

By the early part of the 21st century many of the mines had been closed as problems with high costs of operations have plagued the mine operators. At one time during the late 1980s and 1990s there were labor actions in the area by miners who had not been paid for a year.[13][14]

Climate

File:Vorkuta-kollege.jpg
Mining College in Vorkuta

Vorkuta has a subarctic climate with short cool summers and very cold and dry winters. The average February temperature is about −20 °C (−4 °F), and in July it's about +13 °C (55 °F).

Climate data for Vorkuta
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 1.1
(34)		 1.2
(34.2)		 5.3
(41.5)		 12.0
(53.6)		 26.5
(79.7)		 31.0
(87.8)		 33.8
(92.8)		 30.0
(86)		 24.2
(75.6)		 15.6
(60.1)		 4.8
(40.6)		 3.5
(38.3)		 33.8
(92.8)
Average high °C (°F) −15.6
(3.9)		 −16.1
(3)		 −9.6
(14.7)		 −5.5
(22.1)		 1.7
(35.1)		 12.7
(54.9)		 18.7
(65.7)		 14.2
(57.6)		 7.8
(46)		 −0.8
(30.6)		 −9.5
(14.9)		 −13.9
(7)		 −1.3
(29.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −19.5
(−3.1)		 −20.0
(−4)		 −13.9
(7)		 −10.0
(14)		 −1.9
(28.6)		 7.6
(45.7)		 13.2
(55.8)		 9.7
(49.5)		 4.3
(39.7)		 −3.4
(25.9)		 −13.3
(8.1)		 −17.6
(0.3)		 −5.4
(22.3)
Average low °C (°F) −23.6
(−10.5)		 −23.9
(−11)		 −18.1
(−0.6)		 −14.4
(6.1)		 −5.2
(22.6)		 3.3
(37.9)		 8.2
(46.8)		 5.8
(42.4)		 1.3
(34.3)		 −6.1
(21)		 −16.5
(2.3)		 −21.6
(−6.9)		 −9.2
(15.4)
Record low °C (°F) −48.0
(−54.4)		 −49.4
(−56.9)		 −41.0
(−41.8)		 −38.5
(−37.3)		 −26.3
(−15.3)		 −8.4
(16.9)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 −10.5
(13.1)		 −29.0
(−20.2)		 −45.1
(−49.2)		 −52.0
(−61.6)		 −52.0
(−61.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 36
(1.42)		 34
(1.34)		 33
(1.3)		 27
(1.06)		 35
(1.38)		 52
(2.05)		 55
(2.17)		 63
(2.48)		 57
(2.24)		 57
(2.24)		 40
(1.57)		 42
(1.65)		 531
(20.91)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 42
(16.5)		 59
(23.2)		 77
(30.3)		 81
(31.9)		 60
(23.6)		 19
(7.5)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 3
(1.2)		 10
(3.9)		 20
(7.9)		 26
(10.2)		 397
(156.2)
Average rainy days 1 0 1 3 9 16 19 22 19 10 2 1 103
Average snowy days 25 21 23 19 16 4 0 0 4 18 24 26 180
Average relative humidity (%) 81 80 81 79 79 72 74 82 85 88 84 82 80.6
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[15]

Miscellaneous

The town is served by Vorkuta Airport. During the Cold War, an Arctic Control Group forward staging base for strategic bombers was located at Vorkuta Sovetsky.[16]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Law #16-RZ
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Law #11-RZ
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "История Воркуты"(retrieved August 3, 2004)
  11. ↑ "История Воркуты"(retrieved August 3, 2004)
  12. ↑ "Историческая справка. МО ГО "Воркута"" (retrieved August 3, 2004)
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

  • Государственный Совет Республики Коми. Закон №13-РЗ от 6 марта 2006 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Коми», в ред. Закона №171-РЗ от 26 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении населённого пункта Верхняя Седка, расположенного на территории Прилузского района Республики Коми, и внесении в связи с этим изменений в некоторые Законы Республики Коми». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Республика", №44, 16 марта 2006 г. (State Council of the Komi Republic. Law #16-RZ of March 6, 2006 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Komi Republic, as amended by the Law #171-RZ of December 26, 2014 On Abolishing the Inhabited Locality of Verkhnyaya Sedka Located on the Territory of Priluzsky District of the Komi Republic, and on Amending Various Laws of the Komi Republic Accordingly. Effective as of the official publication date.).
  • Государственный Совет Республики Коми. Закон №11-РЗ от 5 марта 2005 г. «О территориальной организации местного самоуправления в Республике Коми», в ред. Закона №171-РЗ от 26 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении населённого пункта Верхняя Седка, расположенного на территории Прилузского района Республики Коми, и внесении в связи с этим изменений в некоторые Законы Республики Коми». Вступил в силу 1 апреля 2005 г.. Опубликован: "Республика", №44–45, 17 марта 2005 г. (State Council of the Komi Republic. Law #11-RZ of March 5, 2005 On the Territorial Organization of the Local Self-Government in the Komi Republic, as amended by the Law #171-RZ of December 26, 2014 On Abolishing the Inhabited Locality of Verkhnyaya Sedka Located on the Territory of Priluzsky District of the Komi Republic, and on Amending Various Laws of the Komi Republic Accordingly. Effective as of April 1, 2005.).
  • Adapted from the article Vorkuta, from Wikinfo, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.

External links

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