Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities
The Woodcock–Johnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities is a set of intelligence tests first developed in 1977 by Richard Woodcock and Mary E. Bonner Johnson.[1] It was revised in 1989, again in 2001, and most recently in 2014; this last version is commonly referred to as the WJ IV.[2] They may be administered to children from age two right up to the oldest adults (with norms utilizing individuals in their 90s). The previous edition WJ III was praised for covering "a wide variety of cognitive skills."[3]
Content of the tests
The Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities include both the Standard Battery and the Extended Battery. The Standard Battery consists of tests 1 through 10 while the Extended Battery includes tests 11 through 20. There is also a Woodcock-Johnson III Diagnostic Supplement to the Tests of Cognitive Abilities with an additional 11 cognitive tests.[4] All of which combined allows for a considerably detailed analysis of cognitive abilities. The Cattell–Horn–Carroll theory factors that this test examines are based on 9 broad stratum abilities which are: Comprehension-Knowledge, Long-Term Retrieval, Visual-Spatial Thinking, Auditory Processing, Fluid Reasoning, Processing Speed, Short-Term Memory, Quantitative Knowledge and Reading-Writing.[4] A General Intellectual Ability (GIA) or Brief Intellectual Ability (BIA) may be obtained. The BIA score is derived from three cognitive tests which include Verbal Comprehension, Concept Formation, and Visual Matching. These three cognitive tests measure three abilities; Comprehension-Knowledge (Gc), Fluid Reasoning (Gf), and Processing Speed (Gs), which best represents an individual's verbal ability, thinking ability, and efficiency in performing cognitive tasks. The BIA takes about 10 to 15 minutes to administer and is especially useful for screenings, re-evaluations that don't require a comprehensive intellectual assessment, or research that needs a short but reliable measure of intelligence.[5] On the other hand, the GIA obtained from the WJ III Tests of Cognitive Abilities provide a more comprehensive assessment of general ability (g) and the score is based on a weighted combination of tests that best represents a common ability underlying all intellectual performance.[5]
List of Tests
Test | Broad Ability | Narrow Ability | Test Description |
---|---|---|---|
Numerical Reasoning | Gf | Quantitative Reasoning | Examinees must determine numerical sequences and
determine a two-dimensional numerical pattern |
Concept Formation | Gf | Induction | Examinees must identify rules governing the
organization of colored geometric figures when shown instances and noninstances of concepts |
Analysis Synthesis | Gf | General Sequential Reasoning | Examinees must analyze the components of an
incomplete logic puzzle and to determine the missing components |
Block Rotation | Gv | Visualization | Examinees must identify geometric designs that
match a target design but have been rotated to a different visual perspective |
Spatial Relations | Gv | Spatial Relations | Examinees must select the component parts of
whole shape |
Pattern Recognition | Gv | Visual Memory | Examinees must study images for 5 s and identify
images within a larger array after the initial images have been removed |
Visual Matching | Gs | Perceptual Speed | Examinees must quickly locate and circle the two
identical numbers in a row of six numbers during a 3-minute period |
Decision Speed | Gs | Mental Comparison Speed | Examinees must rapidly scan a row of images and
mark two images are the most closely related during a 3-minute period |
Cross out | Gs | Perceptual Speed & Rate of Test Taking | Examinees must mark drawings that are identical to
the first drawing in the row during a 3-minute period |
Rapid Picture Naming | Gs | Naming Facility | Examinees must quickly name a series of stimulus
pictures |
Retrieval Fluency | Glr | Ideational Fluency | Examinees must state as many words from specified
categories as possible in 1 minute |
Visual Auditory Learning : Delayed | Glr | Associative Memory | Examinees must recall and relearn (after a 30-
minute to 8-day delay) symbols presented in Visual-Auditory Learning |
Visual Auditory Learning | Glr | Associative Memory | Examinees must associate new visual symbols with
orally presented words in order to translate the series of symbols |
Memory For Names | Glr | Associative Memory | Examinees must remember an increasingly large
number of names of novel cartoon characters |
Memory For Names: Delayed | Glr | Associative Memory | Examinees must recall and relearn (after a 30-
minute to 8-day delay) names of novel cartoon |
Sound Blending | Ga | Phonetic Coding Synthesis | Examinees must listen to a series of individual
syllables, individual phonemes, or both that form words and name the complete words |
Incomplete Words | Ga | Phonetic Coding Analysis | Examinees must listen to words with one or more
phonemes missing and name the complete words |
Sound Patterns | Ga | Speech Sound Discrimination | Examinees must indicate whether pairs of complex
sound patterns are the same or different. The patterns may differ in pitch, rhythm, or sound content |
Auditory Working Memory | Gsm | Working Memory | Examinees must listen to a mixed series of words
and digits and then to rearrange them by first saying the words in order and then the numbers |
Numbers Reversed | Gsm | Working Memory | Examinees must repeat a series of random numbers
backward |
Memory For Words | Gsm | Memory Span | Examinees must repeat lists of unrelated words in
the correct sequence |
Memory For Sentences | Gsm | Memory Span | Examinees must repeat complete sentences |
Picture Vocabulary | Gc | Lexical Knowledge | Examinees must name familiar and unfamiliar
pictured objects |
Verbal Comprehension | Gc | Language Development & Lexical Knowledge | Examinees must name familiar and unfamiliar
pictured objects, say words similar in meaning to word presented, say words that are opposites in meaning to the word presented, and complete phrases with words that complete analogies |
General Information | Gc | General Information | Examinees must provide common or typical
characteristics of objects by responding to questions, such as “Where you would find . . .?” and “What you would do with . . .? |
Academic Knowledge | Gc | General Information | Examinees must provide information about the
biological and physical sciences; history, geography, government, and economics; and art, music, and literature |
Oral Comprehension | Gc | Listening Ability | Examinees must listen to a short passage and orally
supply the word missing at the end of the passage |
Story Recall | Gc | Listening Ability | Examinees must listen to a short passage and
describe the gist of what they heard |
Citation:[6]
G | General factor |
---|---|
Gf | General Factor - Fluid Intelligence |
Gv | General Factor - Visual-spatial ability |
Gs | General Factor - Processing Speed |
Glr | General Factor - Long Term Retrieval |
Ga | General Factor - Auditory Processing |
Gsm | General Factor - Short Term Memory |
Gc | General Factor - Crystallized Intelligence |
Citation:[6]
Published versions
The test is currently in its fourth edition.[7]
References
- ↑ Mary E. Bonner Johnson, Appellant, v. Richard W. Woodcock, Appellee
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Further reading
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