Andrew Thorne

Sir Andrew Thorne
Born	20 September 1885
Died	25 September 1970
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	British Army
Years of service	1904–1946
Rank	General
Unit	Grenadier Guards
Commands held	Scottish Command XII Corps 48th (South Midland) Division Brigade of Guards 184th Infantry Brigade 3rd Battalion Grenadier Guards
Battles/wars	First World War Second World War Battle of France
Awards	Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George Distinguished Service Order & Two Bars Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav (Norway)

General Sir Augustus Francis Andrew Nicol Thorne KCB, CMG, DSO, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , & Two Bars (20 September 1885 – 25 September 1970) was a soldier in the British Army who served in the First and Second World Wars.

Military career

Educated at Eton and the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst, Andrew Thorne was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards in 1904.

He served in the Great War, becoming a staff captain, then deputy assistant adjutant and quartermaster general and then deputy assistant quartermaster general in France.

He became commanding officer of 3rd Battalion Grenadier Guards in 1916, and saw action in the First Battle of Ypres and Battle of the Somme earning the Distinguished Service Order and two Bars.

In 1918 he became commander of the 184th Infantry Brigade.

After the war he became assistant military attache at Washington, D.C. and then, in 1922, a general staff officer at London District.

He was appointed military assistant to the Chief of the Imperial General Staff at the War Office in 1925 and commanding officer of 3rd Battalion Grenadier Guards again in 1927.

In 1932, he was made military attaché in Berlin and commander of 1st (Guards) Brigade at Aldershot Command in 1935.

He was a temporary brigade commander in Palestine and Transjordan in 1936.

In 1938 he became Major General commanding the Brigade of Guards and General Officer Commanding (GOC) London District.

In 1939, at the start of the Second World War, Thorne became GOC 48th (South Midland) Division, which played an important role in the defence of the Dunkirk perimeter in 1940. He then became GOC XII Corps before being appointed GOC Scottish Command and Governor of Edinburgh Castle from 1941 to 1945. As CO of XII Corps, he founded the innovative XII Corps Observation Unit as a prototype of the Auxiliary Units guerrilla organisation. Whilst in Scotland, he was responsible for the Fortitude North deception plan, as well as preparation for the liberation of Norway.

Germany officially surrendered in Norway on 8 May 1945, and Thorne arrived in Norway on 13 May together with Crown Prince Olav. He brought with him a small military force—one tenth the size of the German military presence—and so had to rely on cooperation with paramilitary forces from the Norwegian resistance movement. He cooperated closely with Jens Chr. Hauge. He formally held the sovereignty of Norway until 7 June, when Haakon VII of Norway returned from his exile. Thorne remained in charge of dismantling the German presence in Norway until he left the country on 31 October 1945.

He retired in 1946. He was chairman of the Anglo-Norse Society for some time.

Bibliography

• "THORNE, General Sir (Augustus Francis) Andrew (Nicol)". (2007). In Who Was Who. Online edition.
• Lindsay, Donald (1987). Forgotten General: Life of Andrew Thorne. Michael Russell, Salisbury. ISBN 978-0-85955-137-3.

Military offices
Preceded by Sir Bertram Sergison-Brooke	GOC London District 1938–1939	Succeeded by Sir Bertram Sergison-Brooke
Preceded by New Post	GOC XII Corps 1940–1941	Succeeded by Bernard Montgomery
Preceded by Sir Harold Carrington	GOC-in-C Scottish Command 1941–1945	Succeeded by Sir Neil Ritchie

He was born on the 20th September 1885