Hard palate
Hard palate | |
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![]() Mouth (oral cavity)
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![]() Upper respiratory system, with hard palate labeled at right.
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Details | |
Latin | palatum durum |
greater palatine artery | |
greater palatine nerve, nasopalatine nerve | |
Identifiers | |
MeSH | A02.835.232.781.324.502.660 |
Dorlands /Elsevier |
p_02/12607528 |
TA | Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 744: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
TH | {{#property:P1694}} |
TE | {{#property:P1693}} |
FMA | {{#property:P1402}} |
Anatomical terminology
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The hard palate is a thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth. It is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone, and spans the arch formed by the upper teeth.
Contents
Structure
The hard palate is formed by the palatine process of the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine bone. It forms a partition between the nasal passages and the mouth. On the anterior portion of the roof of the hard palate are the rugae, irregular ridges in the mucous membrane that help facilitate the movement of food backwards towards the pharynx. This partition is continued deeper into the mouth by a fleshy extension called the soft palate.
Function
The hard palate is important for feeding and speech. Mammals with a defective hard palate may die shortly after birth due to inability to suckle (see Cleft palate below). It is also involved in mastication in many species. The interaction between the tongue and the hard palate is essential in the formation of certain speech sounds, notably /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /j/, and /ɟ/.
Clinical significance
Cleft palate
In the birth defect called cleft palate, the left and right portions of this plate are not joined, forming a gap between the mouth and nasal passage (a related defect affecting the face is cleft lip).
While cleft palate has a severe impact upon the ability to nurse and speak, it is now successfully treated through reconstructive surgical procedures at an early age, where such procedures are available.
Palatal abscesses
The proximity of the dento-alveolar process explains the forming of palatal abscesses and the palatal mucosa and submucosa with its numerous glands and the squamous keratinized epithelium is in correlation with the rich tumoral pathology.[1]
Additional images
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The bony palate and alveolar arch.
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Gray187.png
Base of skull. Inferior surface.
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Gray194.png
Sagittal section of skull.
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Gray196.png
Roof, floor, and lateral wall of left nasal cavity.
See also
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References
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External links
- Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier