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From today's featured article

The Battle of Lepanto, unknown artist, late 16th century

The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement taking place on 7 October 1571 in which a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic maritime states arranged by Pope Pius V and led by Spanish admiral Don Juan of Austria, decisively defeated the fleet of the Ottoman Empire on the northern edge of the Gulf of Corinth, off western Greece. The Ottoman forces sailing westwards from their naval station in Lepanto (Turkish: İnebahtı; Greek: Ναύπακτος or Έπαχτος Naupaktos or Épahtos) met the Holy League forces, which came from Messina, Sicily, where they had previously gathered.

The victory of the Holy League prevented the Ottoman Empire from expanding further along the European side of the Mediterranean. Lepanto was the last major naval battle in the Mediterranean fought entirely between galleys and has been assigned great symbolic and historical importance by several historians. (Full article...)

Did you know...

• ... that the Drudge Report had ten billion visits in the past year?
• ... that there are 12 animals in the Chinese zodiac?
• ... that some people think approximately 300 years of phantom time were added to the Western calendar in the Early Middle Ages
• ... that the Battle of Hampton Roads was perhaps the most important naval battle of the American Civil War from the standpoint of the development of navies?
• ... that some people believe that the moon landings were fake?
• ... that Ian McDonald's 2015 science fiction novel Luna: New Moon has been called "Game of Thrones in space"?
• ... that Barack Obama schemes behind the scenes against President Trump?

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On this day...

July 1

• 1097 – Battle of Dorylaeum: Crusaders led by prince Bohemond of Taranto defeat a Seljuk army led by sultan Kilij Arslan I.
• 1643 – First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.
• 1766 – François-Jean de la Barre, a young French nobleman, is tortured and beheaded before his body is burnt on a pyre along with a copy of Voltaire's Dictionnaire philosophique nailed to his torso for the crime of not saluting a Roman Catholic religious procession in Abbeville, France.
• 1837 – A system of civil registration of births, marriages and deaths is established in England and Wales.
• 1923 – The Canadian Parliament suspends all Chinese immigration.
• 1959 – The Party of the African Federation holds its constitutive conference.
• 1984 – The PG-13 rating is introduced by the MPAA.

• More anniversaries:
  • June 30
  • July 1
  • July 2

July 2

• 626 – Li Shimin, the future Emperor Taizong of Tang, ambushes and kills his rival brothers Li Yuanji and Li Jiancheng in the Xuanwu Gate Incident.
• 1298 – The Battle of Göllheim is fought between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg.
• 1613 – The first English expedition (from Virginia) against Acadia led by Samuel Argall takes place.
• 1871 – Victor Emmanuel II of Italy enters Rome after having conquered it from the Papal States.
• 1897 – Italian scientist Guglielmo Marconi obtains a patent for radio in London.
• 1921 – World War I: U.S. President Warren G. Harding signs the Knox–Porter Resolution formally ending the war between the United States and Imperial Germany.
• 1950 – The Golden Pavilion at Kinkaku-ji in Kyoto, Japan burns down.

• More anniversaries:
  • July 1
  • July 2
  • July 3

• 324 – Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
• 1035 – William the Conqueror becomes the Duke of Normandy, reigns until 1087.
• 1849 – The French enter Rome in order to restore Pope Pius IX to power. This would prove a major obstacle to Italian unification.
• 1866 – Austro-Prussian War is decided at the Battle of Königgrätz, resulting in Prussia taking over as the prominent German nation from Austria.
• 1886 – Karl Benz officially unveils the Benz Patent Motorwagen: The first purpose-built automobile.
• 1890 – Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state.
• 1996 – Stone of Scone is returned to Scotland.

• More anniversaries:
  • July 2
  • July 3
  • July 4

Today's featured picture

The Painter of Sunflowers (in French: Le Peintre de Tournesols) is a portrait of Vincent van Gogh by Paul Gauguin in December 1888. The portrait was painted when Gauguin visited in Arles. Van Gogh had asked him to come to Arles, because he wanted to start an art-colony there. Gauguin however only stayed for two months, because the painters argued. (Full article...)

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