Chidambaram Subramaniam

Bharat Ratna Chidambaram Subramaniam
C. Subramaniam at a felicitation function
Minister of Agriculture
In office 1964–1966
Prime Minister	Lal Bahadur Shastri
Preceded by	Swaran Singh
Succeeded by	Jagjivan Ram
Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission
In office 2 May 1971 – 22 July 1972
Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
Preceded by	D. R. Gadgil
Succeeded by	Durga Prasad Dhar
Minister of Finance
In office 1975–1977
Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
Preceded by	Yashwantrao Chavan
Succeeded by	Haribhai M. Patel
Minister of Defence
In office 28 July 1979 – 14 January 1980
Prime Minister	Charan Singh
Preceded by	Jagjivan Ram
Succeeded by	Indira Gandhi
Governor of Maharashtra
In office 15 February 1990 – 9 January 1993
Preceded by	Kasu Brahmananda Reddy
Succeeded by	P. C. Alexander
Personal details
Born	(1910-01-30)30 January 1910
Died

Chidambaram Subramaniam (commonly known as CS) (30 January 1910 – 7 November 2000), was an Indian politician and Independence activist. He served as Minister of Finance and Minister of Defence in the union cabinet. He later served as the Governor of Maharashtra. As the Minister for Food and Agriculture, he ushered the Indian Green Revolution, an era of self-sufficiency in food production along with M. S. Swaminathan, B. Sivaraman and Norman E. Borlaug.

Early life and education

Subramaniam was born on 30 January 1910 Senguttaipalayam near Pollachi in Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu. Subramaniam completed his early education in Pollachi before moving to Chennai where he did his B.Sc in Physics at the Presidency College, Chennai. Later he graduated with degree in law from Madras Law college, Chennai. During his college days, he started Vanamalar Sangam and published a magazine called Pithan from Gobichettipalayam along with Periyasaamy Thooran, K. S. Ramaswamy Gounder, O. V. Alagesan and Justice Palanisami. His inspiration was his uncle Swami Chidbhavananda.

Political career

Early years

Subramaniam was an active member of the Civil disobedience movement against the British during his college days. He was imprisoned during the Quit India Movement in 1942. He was later elected to the Constituent Assembly and had a hand in the framing of the Constitution of India. He was a minister of Education, Law and Finance for Madras State from 1952 to 1962 under chief ministers Rajaji and K. Kamaraj. He was the Leader of the House in the Madras Legislative Assembly for the entire duration. He was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1962 and was the Minister for Steel and Mines. Subsequently, he served as the Minister for Food and Agriculture. He also worked as the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission from 2 May 1971 to 22 July 1972.

Green Revolution

Along with M. S. Swaminathan and B. Sivaraman, Subramaniam was the architect of India’s modern agricultural development policy, after the success of his programme which led to a record production of wheat in 1972 termed as the Indian Green Revolution. As Minister for Food and Agriculture, he introduced high-yielding varieties of seeds and more intensive application of fertilizers which paved the way for increased output of cereals and attainment of self-sufficiency in food-grains in the country. About his contribution, Dr. Norman E. Borlaug, writes: The vision and influence of Mr. Subramaniam in bringing about agricultural change and in the very necessary political decisions needed to make the new approach effective, should never be under-emphasized. The groundwork for this advance (in the production of wheat) was solidly laid during that period (1964–67) when Mr. Subramaniam was the guiding political force instituting change.

He appointed M. S. Swaminathan, who played a major role in green revolution and Verghese Kurien as the chairman of [Amul|National Dairy Development Board]] when he ushered the Indian White Revolution. Kurien says, that the key role played by Subramaniam in the whole thing (Operation Flood) is hardly mentioned. He founded the National Agro Foundation, Chennai and Bharathidasan Institute of Management, Tiruchirappalli.

Finance ministry and emergency

When the Indian National Congress split in 1969, he became the interim president of Congress (I) started by Indira Gandhi. Later, he was appointed as Minister of Finance in the union cabinet by Indira Gandhi. He advised her to devalue Indian rupee and was the finance minister during the emergency in 1976. After the emergency, he parted ways with Indira and joined the breakaway Congress faction led by Devraj Urs and Kasu Brahmananda Reddy.

Later years

He was appointed as the union Minister of Defence by Charan Singh in 1979. He became the Governor of Maharashtra in 1990. He resigned after his criticism of the style of functioning of the then Indian Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao.

Awards

• Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor, 1998.
• Y. B. Chavan National Integration Award
• U Thant peace award, 1996
• Norman Borlaug award, 1996
• Anuvrat award, 1988

A commemorative coin of him, was released by the Government of India in August 2010.

Publications

• '

• The New Strategy in Indian Agriculture
• Some Countries which I visited Round The World
• The India of My Dreams

External links

• About us - National Agro Foundation
• Genesis - Bharathidasan Institute of Management

Political offices
Preceded by Swaran Singh	Minister of Agriculture 1964 – 1966	Succeeded by Jagjivan Ram
Preceded by D. R. Gadgil	Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission 1971 – 1972	Succeeded by Durga Prasad Dhar
Preceded by Yashwantrao Chavan	Finance Minister of India 1975 – 1977	Succeeded by H. M. Patel
Preceded by Jagjivan Ram	Defence Minister of India 1979 – 1980	Succeeded by Indira Gandhi
Preceded by Kasu Brahmananda Reddy	Governor of Maharashtra 1990 – 1993	Succeeded by P. C. Alexander