Caldwell catalogue
The Caldwell Catalogue is an astronomical catalog of 109 star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies for observation by amateur astronomers. The list was compiled by Patrick Moore as a complement to the Messier Catalogue.[1]
While the Messier Catalogue is used by amateur astronomers as a list of deep-sky objects for observation, Moore noted that Mesier's list did not include many of the sky's brightest deep-sky objects,[1] such as the Hyades, the Double Cluster (NGC 869 and NGC 884), and the Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253). Moore also observed that since Messier compiled his list from observations in Paris, it did not include bright deep-sky objects visible in the Southern Hemisphere, such as Omega Centauri, Centaurus A, the Jewel Box, and 47 Tucanae.[1][2] Moore compiled a list of 109 objects – to match the commonly accepted number of Messier objects (110 minus the duplicate 102 acknowledged by Méchain)[1] – and the list was published in Sky & Telescope in December 1995.[3]
Moore used his other surname (Caldwell) to name the list, as the first letter of "Moore" is already used for the Messier Catalogue.[1][4] Entries in the catalogue are designated with a "C" and the catalogue number (1 to 109).
Unlike objects in the Messier catalogue, which are listed roughly in the order of discovery by Messier and his colleagues,[5] the Caldwell catalogue is ordered by declination, with C1 being the most northerly and C109 being the most southerly,[1] although two objects (NGC 4244 and the Hyades) are listed out of sequence.[1] Other errors in the original list have since been corrected: it incorrectly identified the S Norma Cluster (NGC 6087) as NGC 6067 and incorrectly labelled the Lambda Centauri Cluster (IC 2944) as the Gamma Centauri Cluster.[1]
Contents
Caldwell Star Chart
Number of objects by type in the Caldwell catalogue.
Dark nebulae | 1 |
Galaxy | 35 |
Globular clusters | 18 |
Nebulae | 9 |
Star Clusters | 25 |
Star Clusters and Nebulae | 6 |
Planetary Nebulae | 13 |
Supernova remnant | 2 |
Total | 109 |
Caldwell objects
Key
Star cluster |
Nebula |
Galaxy |
1–10
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1 | NGC 188 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 4.8 | Cepheus | 8.1 | |
C2 | NGC 40 | Bow-Tie Nebula | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 3.5 | Cepheus | 11 |
C3 | NGC 4236 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 7,000 | Draco | 9.7 | |
C4 | NGC 7023 | Iris Nebula | ![]() |
Open Cluster and Nebula | 1.4 | Cepheus | 7 |
C5 | IC 342 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 10,000 | Camelopardalis | 9 | |
C6 | NGC 6543 | Cat's Eye Nebula | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 3 | Draco | 9 |
C7 | NGC 2403 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 14,000 | Camelopardalis | 8.4 | |
C8 | NGC 559 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 3.7 | Cassiopeia | 9.5 | |
C9 | Sh2-155 | Cave Nebula | ![]() |
Nebula | 2.8 | Cepheus | 7.7 |
C10 | NGC 663 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 7.2 | Cassiopeia | 7.1 |
11–20
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C11 | NGC 7635 | Bubble Nebula | ![]() |
Nebula | 7.1 | Cassiopeia | - |
C12 | NGC 6946 | Fireworks Galaxy | ![]() |
Galaxy | 18,000 | Cepheus | 8.9 |
C13 | NGC 457 | Owl Cluster, E.T. Cluster | ![]() |
Open Cluster | - | Cassiopeia | 6.4 |
C14 | NGC 869 & NGC 884 | Double Cluster, H & χ Persei | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 7.3 | Perseus | 4 |
C15 | NGC 6826 | Blinking Planetary | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 2.2 | Cygnus | 10 |
C16 | NGC 7243 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 2.5 | Lacerta | 6.4 | |
C17 | NGC 147 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 2,300 | Cassiopeia | 9.3 | |
C18 | NGC 185 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 2,300 | Cassiopeia | 9.2 | |
C19 | IC 5146 | Cocoon Nebula | ![]() |
Open Cluster and Nebula | 3.3 | Cygnus | 7.2 |
C20 | NGC 7000 | North America Nebula | ![]() |
Nebula | 1.8 | Cygnus | 4 |
21–30
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C21 | NGC 4449 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 10,000 | Canes Venatici | 9.4 | |
C22 | NGC 7662 | Blue Snowball | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 3.2 | Andromeda | 9 |
C23 | NGC 891 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 31,000 | Andromeda | 10 | |
C24 | NGC 1275 | Perseus A | ![]() |
Galaxy | 230,000 | Perseus | 11.6 |
C25 | NGC 2419 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 275 | Lynx | 10.4 | |
C26 | NGC 4244 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 10,000 | Canes Venatici | 10.2 | |
C27 | NGC 6888 | Crescent Nebula | ![]() |
Nebula | 4.7 | Cygnus | 7.4 |
C28 | NGC 752 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 1.2 | Andromeda | 5.7 | |
C29 | NGC 5005 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 69,000 | Canes Venatici | 9.8 | |
C30 | NGC 7331 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 47,000 | Pegasus | 9.5 |
31–40
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C31 | IC 405 | Flaming Star Nebula | ![]() |
Nebula | 1.6 | Auriga | - |
C32 | NGC 4631 | Whale Galaxy | ![]() |
Galaxy | 22,000 | Canes Venatici | 9.3 |
C33 | NGC 6992 | East Veil Nebula | ![]() |
Supernova Remnant | 2.5 | Cygnus | - |
C34 | NGC 6960 | West Veil Nebula | ![]() |
Supernova Remnant | 2.5 | Cygnus | - |
C35 | NGC 4889 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 300,000 | Coma Berenices | 11.4 | |
C36 | NGC 4559 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 32,000 | Coma Berenices | 9.9 | |
C37 | NGC 6885 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 1.95 | Vulpecula | 6 | |
C38 | NGC 4565 | Needle Galaxy | ![]() |
Galaxy | 32,000 | Coma Berenices | 9.6 |
C39 | NGC 2392 | Eskimo Nebula/Clown Face Nebula | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 4 | Gemini | 10 |
C40 | NGC 3626 | Galaxy | 86,000 | Leo | 10.9 |
41–50
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C41 | Mel 25 | Hyades | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 0.151 | Taurus | 0.5 |
C42 | NGC 7006 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 135 | Delphinus | 10.6 | |
C43 | NGC 7814 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 49,000 | Pegasus | 10.5 | |
C44 | NGC 7479 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 106,000 | Pegasus | 11 | |
C45 | NGC 5248 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 74,000 | Boötes | 10.2 | |
C46 | NGC 2261 | Hubble's Variable Nebula | ![]() |
Nebula | 2.5 | Monoceros | - |
C47 | NGC 6934 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 57 | Delphinus | 8.9 | |
C48 | NGC 2775 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 55,000 | Cancer | 10.3 | |
C49 | NGC 2237 | Rosette Nebula | ![]() |
Nebula | 4.9 | Monoceros | 9.0 |
C50 | NGC 2244 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 4.9 | Monoceros | 4.8 |
51–60
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C51 | IC 1613 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 2,300 | Cetus | 9.3 | |
C52 | NGC 4697 | Galaxy | 76,000 | Virgo | 9.3 | ||
C53 | NGC 3115 | Spindle Galaxy | ![]() |
Galaxy | 22,000 | Sextans | 9.2 |
C54 | NGC 2506 | Open Cluster | 10 | Monoceros | 7.6 | ||
C55 | NGC 7009 | Saturn Nebula | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 1.4 | Aquarius | 8 |
C56 | NGC 246 | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 1.6 | Cetus | 8 | |
C57 | NGC 6822 | Barnard's Galaxy | ![]() |
Galaxy | 2,300 | Sagittarius | 9 |
C58 | NGC 2360 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 3.7 | Canis Major | 7.2 | |
C59 | NGC 3242 | Ghost of Jupiter | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 1.4 | Hydra | 9 |
C60 | NGC 4038 | Antennae Galaxies | ![]() |
Galaxy | 83,000 | Corvus | 10.7 |
61–70
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C61 | NGC 4039 | Antennae Galaxies | ![]() |
Galaxy | 83,000 | Corvus | 13 |
C62 | NGC 247 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 6,800 | Cetus | 8.9 | |
C63 | NGC 7293 | Helix Nebula | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 0.522 | Aquarius | 7.3 |
C64 | NGC 2362 | ![]() |
Open Cluster and Nebula | 5.1 | Canis Major | 4.1 | |
C65 | NGC 253 | Sculptor Galaxy | ![]() |
Galaxy | 9,800 | Sculptor | 7.1 |
C66 | NGC 5694 | Globular Cluster | 113 | Hydra | 10.2 | ||
C67 | NGC 1097 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 47,000 | Fornax | 9.3 | |
C68 | NGC 6729 | R CrA Nebula | ![]() |
Nebula | 0.424 | Corona Australis | - |
C69 | NGC 6302 | Bug Nebula | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 5.2 | Scorpius | 13 |
C70 | NGC 300 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 3,900 | Sculptor | 9 |
71–80
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C71 | NGC 2477 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 3.7 | Puppis | 5.8 | |
C72 | NGC 55 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 4,200 | Sculptor | 8 | |
C73 | NGC 1851 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 39.4 | Columba | 7.3 | |
C74 | NGC 3132 | Eight Burst Nebula | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 2 | Vela | 8 |
C75 | NGC 6124 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 1.5 | Scorpius | 5.8 | |
C76 | NGC 6231 | ![]() |
Open Cluster and Nebula | 6 | Scorpius | 2.6 | |
C77 | NGC 5128 | Centaurus A | ![]() |
Galaxy | 16,000 | Centaurus | 7 |
C78 | NGC 6541 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 22.3 | Corona Australis | 6.6 | |
C79 | NGC 3201 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 17 | Vela | 6.8 | |
C80 | NGC 5139 | Omega Centauri | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 17.3 | Centaurus | 3.7 |
81–90
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C81 | NGC 6352 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 18.6 | Ara | 8.2 | |
C82 | NGC 6193 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 4.3 | Ara | 5.2 | |
C83 | NGC 4945 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 17,000 | Centaurus | 9 | |
C84 | NGC 5286 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 36 | Centaurus | 7.6 | |
C85 | IC 2391 | Omicron Velorum Cluster | Open Cluster | 0.5 | Vela | 2.5 | |
C86 | NGC 6397 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 7.5 | Ara | 5.7 | |
C87 | NGC 1261 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 55.5 | Horologium | 8.4 | |
C88 | NGC 5823 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 3.4 | Circinus | 7.9 | |
C89 | NGC 6087[note 1] | S Norma Cluster | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 3.3 | Norma | 5.4 |
C90 | NGC 2867 | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 5.5 | Carina | 10 |
91–100
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C91 | NGC 3532 | Wishing Well Cluster | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 1.6 | Carina | 3 |
C92 | NGC 3372 | Eta Carinae Nebula | ![]() |
Nebula | 7.5 | Carina | 3 |
C93 | NGC 6752 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 13 | Pavo | 5.4 | |
C94 | NGC 4755 | Jewel Box | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 4.9 | Crux | 4.2 |
C95 | NGC 6025 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 2.5 | Triangulum Australe | 5.1 | |
C96 | NGC 2516 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 1.3 | Carina | 3.8 | |
C97 | NGC 3766 | Pearl Cluster | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 5.8 | Centaurus | 5.3 |
C98 | NGC 4609 | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 4.2 | Crux | 6.9 | |
C99 | - | Coalsack Nebula | ![]() |
Dark Nebula | 0.61 | Crux | - |
C100 | IC 2944 | Lambda Centauri Nebula | ![]() |
Open Cluster and Nebula | 6 | Centaurus | 4.5 |
101–109
Caldwell number | NGC number | Common name | Picture | Object type | Distance to object in thousands of light years | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C101 | NGC 6744 | ![]() |
Galaxy | 34,000 | Pavo | 9 | |
C102 | IC 2602 | Theta Car Cluster | ![]() |
Open Cluster | 0.492 | Carina | 1.9 |
C103 | NGC 2070 | Tarantula Nebula | ![]() |
Open Cluster and Nebula | 170 | Dorado | 8.2 |
C104 | NGC 362 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 27.7 | Tucana | 6.6 | |
C105 | NGC 4833 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 19.6 | Musca | 7.4 | |
C106 | NGC 104 | 47 Tucanae | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 14.7 | Tucana | 4 |
C107 | NGC 6101 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 49.9 | Apus | 9.3 | |
C108 | NGC 4372 | ![]() |
Globular Cluster | 18.9 | Musca | 7.8 | |
C109 | NGC 3195 | ![]() |
Planetary Nebula | 5.4 | Chamaeleon | 11.6 |
See also
![]() |
- Messier Catalogue
- Herschel 400 Catalogue
- New General Catalogue (NGC)
- Index Catalogue (IC)
- Revised New General Catalogue (RNGC)
- Revised Index Catalogue (RIC)
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.[dead link]
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
![]() |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Caldwell objects. |