Western Bahr el Ghazal

Further information: Dar Fertit

Western Bahr el Ghazal غرب بحر الغزال
State
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Flag
Location in South Sudan. Location in South Sudan.
Coordinates:
state	South Sudan
Region	Bahr el Ghazal
Capital	Wau
Area
• Total	91,079.95 km2 (35,166.17 sq mi)
Population (2008)
• Total	333,431
• Density	3.7/km2 (9.5/sq mi)
Time zone	EAT (UTC+3)

Western Bahr el Ghazal is one of the ten states of South Sudan. It has an area of 93,900 km² (36,255 sq mi) and is the least populous state in South Sudan, according to the controversial Sudanese census conducted in 2008. It is part of the Bahr el Ghazal region. Its capital is Wau. The state shares international borders with Sudan to the north and the Central African Republic to the west. The portion now occupied by Raga County (pronounced 'raja') is the southern part of the historical region known as "Dar Fertit".

Local ethnic groups include the Balanda Boor, Balanda Bviri, Balanda Deim Zubeir (Balanda Viri, Balanda Bagari)( Balanda are one people settling in different locations hence Dem Zubier, Bagari, Bazia and Tambura are geographical names not tribal. they are found in both western Equatoria and Western Bahar El Ghazal states), Luwo, Ndogo, Kresh, Bai, Baggara Arabs, and many others. Despite the common element "Balanda" in their names, the first two ethnicities are not related. Despite frequent mentions of the existence of a "Fertit people" in Western Bahr el Ghazal, there is no such people.

This state, and Raga County in particular, is the part of South Sudan that was most affected by the slave trade conducted by nearby Muslim sultanates from the 18th century on and by Mameluk Egypt in the second half of the 19th century, and Raga County is the only part of South Sudan with a significant number of Muslims and Arabs. In addition to the Baggara Arabs, another local Muslim ethnic group is the Feroghe (Feroge, etc.). Traditionally, the northern part of Raga County falls within the "Baggara belt", the 1400 kilometer wide section of the central Sahel in which cattle herding Arabic speaking tribes conduct seasonal nomadic migrations. When the slave trade soared in the 1860s and 1870s, the region's population shrank dramatically, plunging by 75 percent to about 400,000. Depopulation was due to several factors all related to wars that were provoked by the upsurge in slaving promoted by Egypt, factors including: actual capture of inhabitants, emigration of refugees, and epidemics. The population according to the 2008 census is lower still. This may be partly due to the second Sudanese civil war, 1983-1999, which devastated most of South Sudan, exacting a toll of two million dead civilians and hundreds of thousands of refugees.

Administration

Western Bahr el Ghazal, as with the other nine states of South Sudan, is subdivided into counties; there are three counties, each headed by a County Commissioner:

Train in Western Bahr el Ghazal

County	Area (km2)	Population Census 2008
Jur River	10,032.22	127,771
Raga	61,792.46	54,340
Wau	19,251.27	151,320

The counties are further divided into Payams, then Bomas. South Sudan claims Kafia Kingi as part of Western Bahr el Ghazal with Sudan.

Main cities and towns

• Wau is the capital city of the state.
• Raga is located in the western part of the state.
• Acongeong is located northeast of Wau.
• Deim Zubeir is located in the central part of the state.
• Jur River is located in the central Wau
• Mapel is located in the eastern Wau
• Udici is located in the north-west of Wau

References

• Cordell, Dennis. 1983. The savanna belt. In David Birmingham and Phyllis M. Martin, eds., History of Central Africa, volume 1. Longman.
• Thomas, Edward. 2010. The Kafia Kingi enclave. London and Nairobi: Rift Valley Institute.