Indo-Aryan peoples

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Indo-Aryan peoples
Indoarische Sprachen Gruppen.png
Geographical distribution of the major Indo-Aryan languages.
Total population
(approximately 1.21 billion)
Regions with significant populations
 India Over 856 mil[1]
 Pakistan Over 164 mil[2][not in citation given]
 Bangladesh Over 150 mil[3]
   Nepal Over 26 mil
 Sri Lanka Over 14 mil
 Burma Over 1 mil
 Maldives Over 300,000
Languages
Indo-Aryan languages
Religion
Indian religions (Mostly Hindu; with Sikh, Buddhist and Jain minorities) and Islam, some non-religious atheist/agnostic and Christians

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse Indo-European ethnolinguistic group of peoples who speak Indo-Aryan languages. The Indo-Aryan languages belong to the Indo-European language family. Today, there are over one billion native speakers of Indo-Aryan languages, most of them native to South Asia, where they form the majority.

Indo-Aryan migrations

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Main articles: Indo-European migrations and Indo-Aryan migrations

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Further information: Indigenous Aryans

The Indo-European languages were introduced into northern India by Indo-Aryans. The Indo-Aryan migration theory[note 1] explains the introduction of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent by proposing a migration from Sintashta culture[5][6] through Bactria-Margiana Culture and into northern Indian subcontinent (modern day India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan). These migrations started approximately 1,800 BCE, after the invention of the war chariot, and also brought Indo-Aryan languages into the Levant and possibly Inner Asia. It was part of the diffusion of Indo-European languages from the proto-Indo-European homeland at the Pontic steppe, a large area of grasslands in far Eastern Europe, which started in the 5th to 4th millennia BCE, and the Indo-European migrations out of the Eurasian steppes, which started approximately 2,000 BCE.

The theory posits that these Indo-Aryan speaking people may have been a genetically diverse group of people who were united by shared cultural norms and language, referred to as aryā, "noble." Diffusion of this culture and language took place by patron-client systems, which allowed for the absorption and acculturalisation of other groups into this culture, and explains the strong influence on other cultures with which it interacted.The Proto-Indo-Iranians, from which the Indo-Aryans developed, are identified with the Sintashta culture (2100–1800 BCE),[7] and the Andronovo culture,[8] which flourished ca. 1800–1400 BCE in the steppes around the Aral sea, present-day Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The proto-Indo-Iranians were influenced by the Bactria-Margiana Culture, south of the Andronovo culture, from which they borrowed their distinctive religious beliefs and practices. The Indo-Aryans split off around 1800-1600 BCE from the Iranians,[9] whereafter the Indo-Aryans migrated into the Levant and north-western India.

List of Indo-Aryan peoples

Historical

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Archaeological cultures associated with Indo-Iranian migrations (after EIEC). The Andronovo, BMAC and Yaz cultures have often been associated with Indo-Iranian migrations. The GGC, Cemetery H, Copper Hoard and PGW cultures are candidates for cultures associated with Indo-Aryan migrations.

Contemporary

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See also

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Notes

  1. ↑ The term "invasion" is only being used nowadays by opponents of the Indo-Aryan Migration theory.[4] The term "invasion" does not reflect the contemporary scholarly understanding of the Indo-Aryan migrations,[4] and is merely being used in a polemical and distractive way.

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Witzel 2005, p. 348.
  5. ↑ Anthony 2007, pp. 408–411.
  6. ↑ Kuz'mina 2007, p. 222.
  7. ↑ Anthony 2007, p. 390 (fig. 15.9), 405-411.
  8. ↑ Anthony 2009, p. 49.
  9. ↑ Anthony 2007, p. 408.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

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  • Mallory, JP. 1998. "A European Perspective on Indo-Europeans in Asia". In The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern and Central Asia. Ed. Mair. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of Man.
  • Trubachov, Oleg N., 1999: Indoarica, Nauka, Moscow.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

ar:هنود

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