Murraya paniculata

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"Orange jessamine" redirects here. This common name can also refer to Cestrum aurantiacum.
Murraya paniculata
File:Murraya paniculata line draing.gif
Line drawing of Murraya paniculata, showing flowers and fruit
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Sapindales
Family:
Rutaceae
Genus:
Murraya
Species:
M. paniculata
Binomial name
Murraya paniculata
Synonyms[1]
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  • Camunium exoticum (L.) Kuntze
  • Chalcas cammuneng Burm.f.
  • Chalcas exotica (L.) Millsp.
  • Chalcas intermedia M.Roem.
  • Chalcas japanensis Lour.
  • Chalcas paniculata L.
  • Chalcas sumatrana M.Roem.
  • Connarus foetens Blanco
  • Connarus santaloides Blanco
  • Murraya exotica L.
  • Murraya omphalocarpa Hayata

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Murraya paniculata is a tropical, evergreen plant native to southern China, Taiwan, the Indian sub-continent (i.e. Bangladesh, India, Nepal, north-eastern Pakistan and Sri Lanka), south-eastern Asia (i.e. Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines) and northern Australia (i.e. the northern parts of the Northern Territory, far northern Queensland and northern Western Australia),[2][3][4] bearing small, white, scented flowers, which is grown as an ornamental tree or hedge. Murraya is closely related to Citrus, and bears small orange to red fruit resembling kumquats, though some cultivars do not set fruit.

Common and local names

Some of the common names include

Orange jessamine, Chinese box, mock orange, mock lime, satinwood or Lakeview jasmine (mainly in Florida)

File:Murraya paniculata DSC 0783.JPG
The flower of Murraya paniculata is found in Bana Bithan, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

Description

File:Murraya paniculata1.jpg
M. paniculata in flower pots
File:Murraya paniculata fruits closeup.jpg
Fruit of the Chinese box

Orange Jessamine is a small, tropical, evergreen tree or shrub growing up to 7 m tall. The plant flowers throughout the year. Its leaves are glabrous and glossy, occurring in 3-7 oddly pinnate leaflets which are elliptic to cuneate-obovate to rhombic. Flowers are terminal, corymbose, few-flowered, dense and fragrant. Petals are 12–18 mm long, recurved and white (or fading cream). The fruit of Murraya paniculata is fleshy, oblong-ovoid, coloured red to orange,[7] and grows up to 1 inch in length.[8]

Range

M. paniculata is a native of South and Southeast Asia, China and Australasia. It is naturalised in southern USA.

Uses

Traditionally, Murraya paniculata is used both in traditional medicine as an analgesic and for wood (for tool handles).

In the West, Murraya paniculata is cultured as an ornamental tree or hedge because of its hardiness, wide range of soil tolerance (M. paniculata may grow in alkaline, clayey, sandy, acidic and loamy soils), and is suitable for larger hedges. The plant flowers throughout the years and produces small, fragrant flower clusters which attract bees, while the fruits attract small frugivorous birds.[8]

Honey bee farms have been known to plant Orange Jessamine near bee hives[citation needed]. Serving not only as food for the bees but as protection from harsh winds. Honey collected from bee hive colonies that collect pollen from orange jessamines, have a tangy sweet orange undertone[citation needed].

Propagation

The Orange Jessamine is sexually propagated by its seeds. The fruits are eaten by birds, who then pass the seeds out in their stool. It may also be artificially propagated by softwood cuttings.[8]

Diseases

M. paniculata is vulnerable to soil nematodes, scales, sooty mold and whiteflies.[8]

M. paniculata is the preferred host to the insect pest Diaphorina citri, the citrus psyllid. This psyllid is the vector for the citrus greening disease.[9]

Potential medicinal uses

The crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Murraya paniculata has antidiarrhoeal, antinociceptive [10] and anti-inflammatory activities.[11] Yuehchukene, a dimeric indole alkaloid, can be extracted from the root.

Notes and references

Footnotes

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  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ Welsh, 1998; pp 256
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 Gilman, Edward F. Factsheet FPS-416, October 1999; University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; from http://www.coralsprings.org/environment/SmallTreeList/pdf/MURPANA.pdf retrieved on 28 June 2007
  9. ↑ retrieved on 28 June 2007
  10. ↑ "Antinociceptive and bioactivity of leaves of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Rutaceae. Sharker S.Md., Shahid I.J., Hasanuzzaman Md. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy. 19 (3) (pp 746-748), 2009.
  11. ↑ Rahman M.A., Hasanuzzaman M., Uddin N., Shahid I.Z.,Antidiarrhoeal and anti-inflammatory activities of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack." Pharmacologyonline. 3 (pp 768-776), 2010.

References

  • Welsh, S. L. 1998. Flora Societensis: A summary revision of the flowering plants of the Society Islands E.P.S. Inc., Orem, Utah.
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