Chinese mantis

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Chinese mantis
250px
Adult male Chinese mantis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Mantodea
Family:
Mantidae
Subfamily:
Mantinae
Tribe:
Polyspilotini
Genus:
Tenodera
Species:
T. sinensis
Binomial name
Tenodera sinensis
(Saussure, 1871)
Synonyms
  • Tenodera aridifolia sinensis (Saussure, 1871)
  • Mantis mandarinea
    (Saussure, 1871)[1]
  • Paratenodera sinensis
    (Saussure, 1871)[2]

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The Chinese mantis (Tenodera sinensis) is a species of praying mantis native to Asia and the nearby islands. In 1896 this species was accidentally introduced by a nurseryman at Mt. Airy near Philadelphia, PA.[2] Tenodera sinensis often is erroneously referred to as Tenodera aridifolia sinensis because it was at first described as a subspecies of Tenodera aridifolia, but Tenodera sinensis is now established as a full species.[3]

Tenodera sinensis feeds primarily on other insects, though adult females sometimes catch small vertebrates. For example, they have been documented as feeding on small reptiles, amphibians, and even hummingbirds.[4][5] Like most mantids, they are known to be cannibalistic. These mantids have been observed eating the larvae of monarch butterflies, while discarding the entrails.[6]

Description

File:Tenodera sinensis yellow spot.JPG
Brown sub-adult female Chinese mantis yellow spot between the front legs (the spot is more yellow than in the picture) and if it was orange it would be Tenodera angustipennis

The Chinese mantis is a long, slender, brown and green praying mantis. It is typically longer than other praying mantises species reaching just over 11 centimeters,[7] and is the largest mantis species in North America (spread throughout the Northeast United States). Its color can vary from overall green to brown with a green lateral stripe on the borders of the front wings in the brown color form. In low light the eyes of the mantis appear black, but in daylight appear to be clear, matching the color of the head. Chinese mantids look similar to another mantis species that has been introduced to the United States, the narrow-winged mantid (Tenodera angustipennis). Tenodera sinensis and Tenodera angustipennis are similar in appearance, however you can tell them apart by locating a spot in between their front legs. If it is yellow then it is a Chinese mantis but if it is orange then it is a narrow-winged mantis. The female can produce several spherical oothecae roughly the size of a table tennis ball, containing up to 400 eggs. The oothecae are often affixed to vegetation such as bushes and small trees.

Tenodera sinensis ootheca

Range

China, Japan, Korean Peninsula, Micronesia, Thailand.[1]

Growth

First instar nymphs that eat less take a longer time to molt to the next instar and are smaller at the second instar than first instar nymphs that have been fed more.[8]

Captivity

Tenodera sinensis is a common pet for mantis enthusiasts, and oothecae can be purchased from plant nurseries across the US. They are notable for quickly adapting to the presence of humans. They can become tame enough to perch on one's hand and even be hand-fed.

Care

The Chinese mantis should be kept in a terrarium roughly three times its body size. The Chinese mantis is an aggressive carnivore that will tackle and eat large insects. In captivity the Chinese mantis' diet can consists primarily of cockroaches, moths, butterflies, grasshoppers, and crickets. As a first instar, Chinese mantids can be fed Drosophila melanogaster and other similarly sized insects in captivity. As they grow larger, mantids will accept house flies, blue bottle flies, moths, small roaches and crickets.

Water should be provided by gently misting the enclosure on a daily basis. The enclosure must have proper aeration to prevent the growth of mold. In the terrarium, mantids require sticks and other foliage for climbing and molting. Mantids will thrive in temperatures ranging from 20 to 38 °C.

Predators

The Chinese mantis is preyed on by other mantises, birds, and the Asian giant hornet in its native range.[9]

Culture

There are two martial arts styles created to mimic the movements of the Chinese mantis. Developed in the Shandong province of China in the mid-1600s, Praying Mantis kung-fu is based on the quick movements and techniques of the Chinese mantis. An unrelated style of kung fu that was developed by the Hakka people in Southern China is known as Southern Praying Mantis.

Additional Images

  • Tenodera Sinensis in Tree.jpg

    Adult female Tenodera sinensis perched in a tree.

  • Male Tenodera Sinensis in Maryland.jpg

    Adult male Tenodera sinensis perched on my hand.

  • Tenodera sinensis self-cleaning.jpg

    Adult Chinese mantis cleaning itself.

  • Juv chinese mantis.jpg

    Hatchling Chinese mantis on a baby's hand

  • Tenodera aridifolia sinensis AdultFemaleFront.jpg

    Adult female Tenodera sinensis from front

  • Adult female Tenodera sinensis from side

  • Tenodera sinensis 3 Luc Viatour.jpg

    Adult male Tenodera sinensis

  • Sub-adult or close to sub-adult Tenodera sinensis

  • Adult male Tenodera sinensis

  • Tenodera sinensis 1 Luc Viatour.jpg

    Adult female Tenodera sinensis

  • Prayingmantismeal.jpg

    Adult female Tenodera sinensis eating a long-horned grasshopper

  • Adult female Tenodera sinensis on arm

  • Underside of an adult female Tenodera sinensis several weeks after molting to adult

  • Sub-adult female Tenodera sinensis 1.JPG

    Sub-adult female Tenodera sinensis on hand

  • Sub-adult female Tenodera sinensis 2.JPG

    Sub-adult female Tenodera sinensis on hand

  • Brown adult female Tenodera sinensis on hand.JPG

    Adult female Tenodera sinensis on hand

  • Sub-adult female Tenodera sinensis wing-buds.JPG

    Sub-adult female Chinese mantis slightly swollen wing-buds

  • Green pre-sub-adult female Tenodera sinensis 324.JPG

    Pre-sub-adult female Chinese mantis

  • Brown sub-adult female Chinese Mantis on hand1243.JPG

    Sub-adult female Chinese mantis on hand

  • Brown sub-adult female Chinese Mantis on hand.JPG

    Sub-adult female Chinese mantis on hand

  • Brown sub-adult female Chinese Mantis.JPG

    Sub-adult Chinese mantis on hand

Sources

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 [1] Texas A&M University
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Ehrmann, R. 2002. Mantodea: Gottesanbeterinnen der Welt. Natur und Tier, Münster
  4. ↑ http://www.birdwatchersdigest.com/site/backyardbirds/hummingbirds/mantis-hummer.aspx?sc=birdwireJul2005
  5. ↑ [2]
  6. ↑ [3]
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NUzqYtjBZ44
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