Yellow admiral
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| Yellow admiral | |
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| Scientific classification | |
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V. itea
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| Binomial name | |
| Vanessa itea (Fabricius, 1775)
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| Synonyms | |
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Bassaris itea |
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The yellow admiral or Australian admiral (Vanessa itea) is a butterfly native to Australia, New Zealand, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Islands. The Māori name is kahukowhai, which means "yellow cloak". The yellow admiral is a member of the family Nymphalidae, the sub-family Nymphalinae as well as the tribe Nymphalini. [1]
Contents
Description
It is a medium-sized butterfly, with a variable wingspan of 48 to 50mm in Tasmania,[2] and 48 to 55mm in New Zealand.[3][4] The upper side of the forewings are dark brown to black toward the outer edges, with three small white patches and a wide, bright yellow bar, and dull red nearer the body. The rear wings are dull red with a black border, and a row of black circles with light blue centres near the edge.
The underwings are very different - the rear wing is various shades of brown with cryptic, irregular markings; the underside of the forewing has a blue 'eye' on a black background that is highlighted by a yellow area above and below.[5][6]
Distribution and habitat
Yellow admirals are relatively common throughout their range wherever their food plants occur. They prefer open country, wastelands and gardens where stinging nettles, Urtica incisa and Urtica urens are present. It is found at up to 1000m above sea level.[2]
It is a strong, fast flier, and is thought to survive wind-blown travel from Australia to New Zealand, across the Tasman Sea.
Life cycle
Eggs
The eggs are light green, ribbed and barrel shaped. They are usually laid singly, sometimes in pairs, onto the nettle leaves that the larva will eat.[2][6][7]
Larva
The caterpillars vary from black to grey, yellow-green or brown, with lighter coloured lines and spots running laterally along its back.[6][7] They are covered in several rows of spiny protrusions. They have six true legs, and ten prolegs.
They prefer to eat nettles and, depending upon availability, feed on Urtica incisa, Urtica urens,[2] Parietaria debilis, and Pipturus argenteus,[6] Parietaria australis, Parietaria cardiostegia, Parietaria judaica, and Soleirolia soleirolii.[7] They feed at night; during the day they hide in a curled leaf for protection.[6]
They grow to about 30mm long before pupating.[7][8] The pupa is about 20mm long and is grey or brownish, with sharp bumps and has two white/silver spots on each side.[6][7]
Adult
The flight period of the adult covers all the warmer months of the year and so varies with location, e.g. in Tasmania it is from November to May,[2] while in Victoria it is from September to April.[9] Individuals may live for several months. The adults feed on nectar from available flowers,[2] and sometimes sap seepage from trees.[6] Normally the last of the seasons brood survive as larvae until the next season, but in some areas it survives as a dormant adult over winter.[7]
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Vanessa itea feeding.jpg
Feeding on nectar
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Australian admiralw.JPG
Mount Mee, SE Qld, Australia
See also
References
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- ↑ Some sites say 60mm
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External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vanessa itea. |
