Évrart de Trémaugon

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Évrart de Trémaugon[lower-alpha 1] (died 1386) was a French author and jurist, originally from Brittany, who is thought to have written the Songe du Vergier.[1] He was Bishop of Dol from 1382 to 1386.

Biography

Évrart de Trémaugon was born in Brittany. According to a petition he sent to the Pope in 1379, he was from the Diocese of Léon.[2] From the pope's registers, where he is referred to as "Evrardus Nuzi de Tremaugon" and "Evrardus Nuzisi de Tromangon", we learn that he belonged to one of the Breton families named Nuz or Le Nuz,[3] a name that was also a given name in Brittany in the Middle Ages and derived from the name of the pagan god Nodens.[4]

Évrart studied civil and canon law. He himself says that it was thanks to his brother, Yves, that he began his studies.[5] In 1367, in Italy, he received a licentiate in canon law from the University of Bologna, having been presented to the commissioners of the bishop of Bologna and the canons of the cathedral by John of Legnano (known today as the author of a large number of works, one of which is entitled Somnium) and by Gaspare Calderini.[6]

Doctor of both laws, professor at the Faculty of Paris from 1369, Évrart is the author of Trois leçons sur les décrétales (1371–1373), the only surviving texts of his teaching.

In October 1373, Évrart de Trémaugon joined the King's Council of Charles V. He was appointed Master of Requests of the Royal Household in 1374, and was responsible for several embassies to Spain.

Authorized by a letter from Gregory XI dated September 9, 1374 to take his place in the pulpit in order to devote himself to his new office, the chartist Alfred Coville hypothesized that he was then writing the Somnium Viridarii, an anonymous treatise on public law that was published on May 16, 1376, dedicated to King Charles V, who immediately had it translated into French.[7]

In September 1376, Évrart was in Flanders with Pierre de Bournazel, knight, advisor and Master of Requests of the Royal Household. Charles V had commissioned them to go to Scotland to deal with King Robert, but after several complications and the interference of Louis of Male, Count of Flanders, who forced them to go to him in Ghent, they had to abandon the mission and return to the King.[8]

In 1381, he was appointed King's Counselor and Master of Requests in Paris. He was appointed Bishop of Dol on October 17, 1382 by Clement VII when Guy of Roye was transferred to the episcopal see of Verdun.[9]

On March 16, 1383, Évrart interrupted the King's dinner in the Louvre as soon as he saw Guillaume de Chamborant, the King's equerry, against whom he began making accusations.[10] He denounced him as guilty of murdering his elder brother Yves (alias Yon, Yvon, Yvo) de Trémaugon (Du Guesclin's companion),[11] and asked the king to put him in prison and summon him to appear to answer. Guillaume was declared a prisoner of the king, but avoided incarceration by posting bail. When he appeared before the King in the Louvre on April 5, Évrart did not show up, but sent Master Raoul Drobille, procureur au Parliament, to represent him. At the next session, on April 7, in Vincennes, Drobille explained Évrart's absence by saying that he had gone to Brittany after receiving authorization from the Duke of Burgundy. However, the Duke would later say that he had not given Évrart such authorization. At the third session, this time held by the king in Orléans on April 26, 1383, Guillaume appeared, but neither Évrart nor anyone else represented him.[12] The king did not extend his stay in Orléans. The following day, he was in Yèvre-le-Châtel.[13] The dispute was referred to the Parliament of Paris, where it dragged on and on. Finally, in a ruling handed down by the Parliament on July 30, 1384, Évrart was condemned to pay Guillaume 500 Tours pounds (with a sum to be fixed later for his expenses) and 500 Tours pounds, as a fine, to the king.[14]

Évrart attended the Estates of Brittany in May 1386[15] and died the same year, heavily in debt to his late uncle Guy du Tertre, canon and succentor of Beauvais, creating problems for his heirs.[16] His episcopacy was assigned to Guillaume Le Briz.[17]

Yves de Trémaugon (killed in 1383), Évrart's elder brother, married Colette d'Aché, sister of the "Galois d'Achey", and had seven children: Jean, born in 1367, Pierre, Yvonnet, Roberge (alias Robinete), Jeanne, Guillemette and Colette.[18] Jean entered the service of King Charles VI's brother, Louis I d'Orléans, when the latter was Duke of Touraine. He was a squire to Louis in May 1390 and already one of his chamberlains in 1392.[19] In 1394, Louis, then Duke of Orléans, was godfather to Louis de Trémaugon, son of Jean and his wife, Jeanne de Souday. Guillemette de Trémaugon, Jean's aforementioned sister, was in the service of Valentine Visconti, Duchess of Orléans and wife of Louis I d'Orléans, in 1395, and married 1) Guy de Bourbon, Seigneur de Clessy en Charolais (Saône-et-Loire), and 2) Jean de Saint-Ouen, Seigneur de Saint-Ouen-sous-Bailly (Seine-Maritime).[20]

Details of Yves's other daughters: before August 14, 1387, Roberge married Robert de Garennes, knight; Jeanne, a minor in February 1387, married Gabriel de Raveton at an unknown date, and was widowed in 1418. The seigneury of Cerisé (Orne), located in the county of Alençon, which had belonged to Yves, belonged, in 1463, to Jean de Raveton, knight.[21] The fate of Colette de Trémaugon, a minor in 1387, remains unknown.

See also

Works

  • Le Songe du Vergier, based on Royal Manuscript 19 C IV in the Brish Library edited by Marion Schnerb-Lièvre (Paris: CNRS éditions, 1982).

Notes

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Also called Évrard de Trémagon or Éverard de Trémigon.

Citations

  1. ↑ Skoda, Hannah (2023). "Pastoral Nostalgia in the Long Fourteenth Century." In: Harriet Lyon and Alexandra Walsham, eds., Nostalgia in the Early Modern World: Memory, Temporality, and Emotion. Boydell & Brewer, pp. 27–48.
  2. ↑ Courtenay, William J.; Eric D. Goddard (2013). Rotuli Parisienses. Supplications to the Pope from the University of Paris, Volume III: 1316–1349. Brill: Leyden, p. 775.
  3. ↑ Famiglietti, R. C. (1992). Audouin Chauveron, prévôt de Paris (1381-1389), bailli de Cotentin et d'Amiens, sénéchal d'Auvergne et de Poitou, officier limousin du roi et du duc de Berry sous Charles V et Charles VI. Providence: Picardy Press, p. 138.
  4. ↑ Henderson, George (1905). "The Fionn Saga," The Celtic Review, Vol. I, No. 3, p. 200.
  5. ↑ Morice de Beaubois, Pierre-Hyacinthe (1744). Memoires pour servir de preuves a l'histoire ecclesiastique et civile de Bretagne, Vol. 2. Paris: Charles Osmont, column 475.
  6. ↑ Famiglietti (2015), p. 210.
  7. ↑ Coville, Alfred (1933). Évrart de Trémaugon et le "Songe du Verger". Paris: E. Droz.
  8. ↑ Famiglietti (2015), pp. 207–21.
  9. ↑ Pocquet du Haut-Jussé, Barthélemy-Amédée (2000). Les Papes et les Ducs de Bretagne. Spézet: Coop Breizh, pp. 307 (note No. 7), 323.
  10. ↑ Famiglietti (2015), p. 279.
  11. ↑ Coville (1933), p. 13.
  12. ↑ Morice de Beaubois (1744), column 474.
  13. ↑ Petit, E. (1893). "Séjours de Charles VI (1380-1400)," Bulletin historique et philologique du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques, p. 419.
  14. ↑ Morice de Beaubois (1744), column 477.
  15. ↑ La Borderie, Arthur Le Moyne de; Barthélemy Pocquet (1906). Histoire de Bretagne, Vol. 4. Rennes: J. Plihon et L. Hommay, p. 115.
  16. ↑ Famiglietti (2015), pp. 188, 189–90.
  17. ↑ Pocquet du Haut-Jussé (2000), p. 325.
  18. ↑ Famiglietti (2015), p. 186.
  19. ↑ Gonzalez, Élisabeth (2004). Un prince en son hôtel, Les serviteurs des ducs d’Orléans au XVe siècle. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne.
  20. ↑ Famiglietti (2015), p. 187.
  21. ↑ Famiglietti (2015), pp. 186–88.

References

  • Coville, Alfred (1933). "Evrart de Trémaugon, auteur probable du Songe du verger," Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 77e année, No. 1, pp. 125–26.

External links

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