1854 and 1855 United States House of Representatives elections
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All 234 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives[1] 118 seats needed for a majority |
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320px Results:
Democratic gain Whig gain Democratic hold Whig hold American gain Anti-Nebraska gain Republican gain People's gain Independent gain |
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Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 34th Congress were held during President Franklin Pierce's term at various dates in different states from August 1854 to November 1855.
This midterm election was among the most disruptive in American history, auguring the collapse of the Second Party System.
Both major parties, the Democratic Party and the Whig Party, organized as rivals for roughly 20 years, lost critical voter support. Northern voters strongly opposed to the Kansas–Nebraska Act shifted sharply against Democrats, who lost 69 seats, nearly half their House delegation. Whigs lost 17 seats as the party disintegrated over slavery.
The elected majority temporarily coalesced as the Opposition Party. This transitional party included Whigs, Free Soil members, American Party members (or Know Nothings), the People's Party of Indiana, Anti-Nebraska candidates, disaffected Northern Democrats, and members of the nascent Republican Party, which would soon absorb most of these factions and replace the Whigs as rival to the Democrats.
Candidates opposed to the Democratic Party won widely in the North through November 1854. The American Party, ignoring slavery and opposing immigration (particularly by Catholics from Ireland and Germany) won seats from both major parties, but to the net loss of Democrats, in New England and the South from November 1854 into 1855.
Congress had passed the Kansas–Nebraska Act in May 1854 after aggressive sponsorship by the Pierce Administration and Democrats led by Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas, including radical pro-slavery legislators. The Act repealed the 1820 Missouri Compromise and triggered the Bleeding Kansas conflict. With widely foreseen risks and immediately negative results, the Act publicly discredited the Democratic Party, fueling new partisan and sectional rancor. It created violent uncertainty on the frontier by abruptly making slavery potentially legal in territories originally comprising the northern portion of the Louisiana Purchase and attractive to contemporary settlers. Settlers were expected to determine the status of slavery locally. This idea appealed to Democratic politicians and to some voters in its shape and intent, but proved unworkable in Kansas where the status of slavery would be violently disputed between more numerous Northern settlers and geographically closer Southern settlers. Even some pro-slavery legislators and voters, particularly Southern Whigs, felt repealing the Missouri Compromise was politically reckless and attempting to push slavery by law and force into territories where most settlers predictably were unlikely to want it endangered its continued legal protection anywhere, even in the South. These fears proved prescient.
More than 21 Representatives vied for the post of Speaker. After two months and 133 ballots, American Party Representative Nathaniel Banks of Massachusetts, also a Free Soiler, defeated Democrat William Aiken of South Carolina by plurality, 103-100.[5] Banks is also the only Speaker from a third party to date.
Contents
- 1 Election summaries
- 2 Special elections
- 3 Alabama
- 4 Arkansas
- 5 California
- 6 Connecticut
- 7 Delaware
- 8 Florida
- 9 Georgia
- 10 Illinois
- 11 Indiana
- 12 Iowa
- 13 Kansas Territory
- 14 Kentucky
- 15 Louisiana
- 16 Maine
- 17 Maryland
- 18 Massachusetts
- 19 Michigan
- 20 Minnesota Territory
- 21 Mississippi
- 22 Missouri
- 23 Nebraska Territory
- 24 New Hampshire
- 25 New Jersey
- 26 New York
- 27 North Carolina
- 28 Ohio
- 29 Oregon Territory
- 30 Pennsylvania
- 31 Rhode Island
- 32 South Carolina
- 33 Tennessee
- 34 Texas
- 35 Vermont
- 36 Virginia
- 37 Wisconsin
- 38 Non-voting delegates
- 39 See also
- 40 Notes
- 41 References
- 42 Bibliography
- 43 External links
Election summaries
State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Opposition | Democratic | Know Nothing | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change[lower-alpha 7] | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
Arkansas | Districts | August 4, 1854 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||
Iowa | Districts | August 7, 1854 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
Missouri | Districts | 7 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
Vermont | Districts | September 5, 1854 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |||
California | At-large | September 6, 1854 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||
Maine | Districts | September 11, 1854 | 6 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
Florida | At-large | October 2, 1854 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
South Carolina | Districts | October 9–10, 1854 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | |||
Indiana | Districts | October 10, 1854 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 0 | |
Ohio | Districts | 21 | 21 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0 | ||
Pennsylvania | Districts | 25 | 17 | 8 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 1 | |
Illinois | Districts | November 7, 1854 (Election Day)[lower-alpha 8] |
9 | 4 | 5 | 0 | |||
Michigan | Districts | 4 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | ||
New Jersey | Districts | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 0 | ||
New York | Districts | 33 | 25 | 13 | 5 | 16 | 3 | 3 | |
Wisconsin | Districts | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | ||
Massachusetts | Districts | November 12, 1854 | 11 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 11 |
Delaware | At-large | November 14, 1854 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Late elections (after the March 4, 1855 beginning of the term) | |||||||||
New Hampshire | Districts | March 13, 1855 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
Connecticut | Districts | April 2, 1855 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |
Rhode Island | Districts | April 4, 1855 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Virginia | Districts | May 24, 1855 | 13 | 0 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
North Carolina | Districts | August 2, 1855 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 3 | |
Tennessee | Districts | 10 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | ||
Alabama | Districts | August 6, 1855 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
Kentucky | Districts | 10 | 0 | 5 | 4 | 1 | 6 | 6 | |
Texas | Districts | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||
Georgia | Districts | October 1, 1855 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 2 | |
Louisiana | Districts | November 5, 1855 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |
Mississippi | Districts[lower-alpha 9] | November 5–6, 1855 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Maryland | Districts | November 6, 1855 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 |
Total | 234 | 100[2][3] 42.7% |
29[lower-alpha 10] | 83[2][3] 35.0% |
75 | 51[2][3] 21.8% |
51 |
83 | 51 | style="background:Template:Opposition Party (US)/meta/color; width:42.74%" | 100 |
Democratic | Know Nothing | Opposition |
Special elections
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There were two special elections to the 33rd United States Congress, listed here by date and district.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Pennsylvania 8 | Henry A. Muhlenberg | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent died January 9, 1854. New member elected February 4, 1854. Democratic hold. |
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Massachusetts 1 | Zeno Scudder | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent resigned March 4, 1854. New member elected April 17, 1854. Whig hold. |
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New York 12 | Gilbert Dean | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent resigned July 3, 1854. New member elected November 7, 1854. Whig gain. |
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Kentucky 3 | Presley Ewing | Whig | 1851 | Incumbent died September 27, 1854. New member elected November 13, 1854. Whig hold. |
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Alabama
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 | Philip Phillips | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Alabama 2 | James Abercrombie | Whig | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Alabama 3 | James Ferguson Dowdell | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Alabama 4 | William Russell Smith | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Alabama 5 | George S. Houston | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Alabama 6 | Williamson Robert Winfield Cobb | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Alabama 7 | Sampson Willis Harris | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Arkansas
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas 1 | Alfred B. Greenwood | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Arkansas 2 | Edward A. Warren | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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California
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Note: From statehood to 1864, California's representatives were elected at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California at-large 2 seats |
Milton S. Latham | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent withdrew. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
(Elected on a general ticket)<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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James A. McDougall | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
Connecticut
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Connecticut 1 | James T. Pratt | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Connecticut 2 | Colin M. Ingersoll | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Connecticut 3 | Nathan Belcher | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Connecticut 4 | Origen S. Seymour | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Delaware
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large | George R. Riddle | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Florida
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida at-large | Augustus Maxwell | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Georgia
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia 1 | James Lindsay Seward | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Georgia 2 | Alfred H. Colquitt | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia 3 | David Jackson Bailey | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Georgia 4 | William Barton Wade Dent | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia 5 | Elijah Webb Chastain | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia 6 | Junius Hillyer | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Georgia 7 | David Addison Reese | Whig | 1853 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Georgia 8 | Alexander Stephens | Whig | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. Democratic gain. |
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Illinois
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 1 | Elihu B. Washburne | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Republican gain. |
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Illinois 2 | John Wentworth | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Illinois 3 | Jesse O. Norton | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Republican gain. |
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Illinois 4 | James Knox | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Republican gain. |
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Illinois 5 | William A. Richardson | Democratic | 1847 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Illinois 6 | Richard Yates | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Illinois 7 | James C. Allen | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. Election disqualified. Democratic loss. |
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Illinois 8 | William Henry Bissell | Independent Democratic | 1848 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Illinois 9 | Willis Allen | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Indiana
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Indiana 1 | Smith Miller | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Indiana 2 | William Hayden English | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Indiana 3 | Cyrus L. Dunham | Democratic | 1849 | Template:Party shading/People's (Indiana) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. People's gain. |
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Indiana 4 | James H. Lane | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/People's (Indiana) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. People's gain. |
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Indiana 5 | Samuel W. Parker | Whig | 1851 | Template:Party shading/People's (Indiana) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. People's gain. |
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Indiana 6 | Thomas A. Hendricks | Democratic | 1851 | Template:Party shading/People's (Indiana) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. People's gain. |
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Indiana 7 | John G. Davis | Democratic | 1851 | Template:Party shading/People's (Indiana) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. People's gain. |
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Indiana 8 | Daniel Mace | Democratic | 1851 | Template:Party shading/People's (Indiana) | Incumbent re-elected. People's gain. |
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Indiana 9 | Norman Eddy | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/People's (Indiana) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. People's gain. |
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Indiana 10 | Ebenezer M. Chamberlain | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/People's (Indiana) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. People's gain. |
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Indiana 11 | Andrew J. Harlan | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/People's (Indiana) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. People's gain. |
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Iowa
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Iowa 1 | Bernhart Henn | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Iowa 2 | William Vandever | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig hold. |
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Kansas Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Kentucky
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | |||||
Kentucky 2 | |||||
Kentucky 3 | |||||
Kentucky 4 | |||||
Kentucky 5 | |||||
Kentucky 6 | |||||
Kentucky 7 | |||||
Kentucky 8 | |||||
Kentucky 9 | |||||
Kentucky 10 |
Louisiana
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | |||||
Louisiana 2 | |||||
Louisiana 3 | |||||
Louisiana 4 |
Maine
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | Moses Macdonald | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Maine 2 | Samuel Mayall | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Maine 3 | E. Wilder Farley | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Maine 4 | Samuel P. Benson | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Republican gain. |
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Maine 5 | Israel Washburn Jr. | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Republican gain. |
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Maine 6 | Thomas J. D. Fuller | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Maryland
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | |||||
Maryland 2 | |||||
Maryland 3 | |||||
Maryland 4 | |||||
Maryland 5 | |||||
Maryland 6 |
Massachusetts
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Thomas D. Eliot | Whig | 1854 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know-Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts 2 | Samuel L. Crocker | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know-Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts 3 | J. Wiley Edmands | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know-Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts 4 | Samuel H. Walley | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know-Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts 5 | William Appleton | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know-Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts 6 | Charles W. Upham | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know-Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts 7 | Nathaniel P. Banks | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Know-Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts 8 | Tappan Wentworth | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know-Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts 9 | Alexander DeWitt | Free Soil | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected to a new party. Know-Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts 10 | Edward Dickinson | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know-Nothing gain. |
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Massachusetts 11 | John Z. Goodrich | Whig | 1852 | Know-Nothing gain. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Michigan
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | David Stuart | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Michigan 2 | David A. Noble | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Michigan 3 | Samuel Clark | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Michigan 4 | Hestor L. Stevens | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Minnesota Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Mississippi
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | |||||
Mississippi 2 | |||||
Mississippi 3 | |||||
Mississippi 4 | |||||
Mississippi 5 |
Missouri
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 1 | Thomas Hart Benton | Opposition | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain. |
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Missouri 2 | Alfred W. Lamb | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain. |
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Missouri 3 | James J. Lindley | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Missouri 4 | Mordecai Oliver | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Missouri 5 | John G. Miller | Whig | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Missouri 6 | John S. Phelps | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Missouri 7 | Samuel Caruthers | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Nebraska Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
New Hampshire
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Hampshire 1 | George W. Kittredge | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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New Hampshire 2 | George W. Morrison | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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New Hampshire 3 | Harry Hibbard | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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New Jersey
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Jersey 1 | |||||
New Jersey 2 | |||||
New Jersey 3 | |||||
New Jersey 4 | |||||
New Jersey 5 |
New York
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | |||||
New York 2 | |||||
New York 3 | |||||
New York 4 | |||||
New York 5 | |||||
New York 6 | |||||
New York 7 | |||||
New York 8 | |||||
New York 9 | |||||
New York 10 | |||||
New York 11 | |||||
New York 12 | |||||
New York 13 | |||||
New York 14 | |||||
New York 15 | |||||
New York 16 | |||||
New York 17 | |||||
New York 18 | |||||
New York 19 | |||||
New York 20 | |||||
New York 21 | |||||
New York 22 | |||||
New York 23 | |||||
New York 24 | |||||
New York 25 | |||||
New York 26 | |||||
New York 27 | |||||
New York 28 | |||||
New York 29 | |||||
New York 30 | |||||
New York 31 | |||||
New York 32 | |||||
New York 33 |
North Carolina
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Carolina 1 | |||||
North Carolina 2 | |||||
North Carolina 3 | |||||
North Carolina 4 | |||||
North Carolina 5 | |||||
North Carolina 6 | |||||
North Carolina 7 | |||||
North Carolina 8 |
Ohio
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Ohio 1 | David T. Disney | Democratic | 1848 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 2 | John Scott Harrison | Whig | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent re-elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 3 | Lewis D. Campbell | Whig | 1848 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent re-elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 4 | Matthias H. Nichols | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent re-elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 5 | Alfred Edgerton | Democratic | 1850 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 6 | Andrew Ellison | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 7 | Aaron Harlan | Whig | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent re-elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 8 | Moses Bledso Corwin | Whig | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 9 | Frederick W. Green | Democratic | 1850 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 10 | John L. Taylor | Democratic | 1846 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 11 | Thomas Ritchey | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 12 | Edson B. Olds | Democratic | 1848 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 13 | William D. Lindsley | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 14 | Harvey H. Johnson | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 15 | William R. Sapp | Whig | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent re-elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 16 | Edward Ball | Whig | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent re-elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 17 | Wilson Shannon | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 18 | George Bliss | Democratic | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 19 | Edward Wade | Free Soil | 1852 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent re-elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 20 | Joshua Reed Giddings | Free Soil | 1843 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent re-elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Ohio 21 | Andrew Stuart | Democratic | 1848 | Template:Party shading/Anti-Nebraska | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Anti-Nebraska gain. |
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Oregon Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Pennsylvania
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Pennsylvania 1 | Thomas B. Florence | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Pennsylvania 2 | Joseph R. Chandler | Whig | 1848 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig hold. |
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Pennsylvania 3 | John Robbins | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain. |
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Pennsylvania 4 | William Henry Witte | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Pennsylvania 5 | John McNair | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Pennsylvania 6 | William Everhart | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Pennsylvania 7 | Samuel A. Bridges | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 8 | J. Glancy Jones | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Pennsylvania 9 | Isaac E. Hiester | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Independent gain. |
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Pennsylvania 10 | Ner Middleswarth | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig hold. |
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Pennsylvania 11 | Christian M. Straub | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain. |
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Pennsylvania 12 | Hendrick B. Wright | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain. |
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Pennsylvania 13 | Asa Packer | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Pennsylvania 14 | Galusha A. Grow | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Rhode Island
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Rhode Island 1 | Thomas Davis | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Rhode Island 2 | Benjamin Babock Thurston | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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South Carolina
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | John McQueen | Democratic | 1849 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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South Carolina 2 | William Aiken Jr. | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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South Carolina 3 | Laurence M. Keitt | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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South Carolina 4 | Preston S. Brooks | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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South Carolina 5 | James L. Orr | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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South Carolina 6 | William W. Boyce | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Tennessee
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | |||||
Tennessee 2 | |||||
Tennessee 3 | |||||
Tennessee 4 | |||||
Tennessee 5 | |||||
Tennessee 6 | |||||
Tennessee 7 | |||||
Tennessee 8 | |||||
Tennessee 9 | |||||
Tennessee 10 |
Texas
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Texas 1 | George W. Smyth | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Texas 2 | Peter Hansborough Bell | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Vermont
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Vermont 1 | James Meacham | Whig | 1849 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Vermont 2 | Andrew Tracy | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Vermont 3 | Alvah Sabin | Whig | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 1 | Thomas H. Bayly | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 2 | John Millson | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 3 | John S. Caskie | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 4 | William Goode | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 5 | Thomas S. Bocock | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 6 | Paulus Powell | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 7 | William Smith | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 8 | Charles J. Faulkner | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 9 | John Letcher | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 10 | Zedekiah Kidwell | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 11 | Charles S. Lewis | Democratic | 1853 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Know Nothing gain. |
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Virginia 12 | Henry A. Edmundson | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Virginia 13 | Fayette McMullen | Democratic | 1849 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Wisconsin
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Election results in Wisconsin for 1854:[7]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | Daniel Wells Jr. | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Wisconsin 2 | Ben C. Eastman | Democratic | 1850 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Wisconsin 3 | John B. Macy | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Non-voting delegates
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33rd Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska Territory | New seat | New territory. New delegate elected December 12, 1854.[8][9] Democratic gain. |
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34th Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas Territory | New seat | New territory. New delegate elected December 20, 1854. Democratic gain. |
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Minnesota Territory | Henry Mower Rice | Democratic | 1852 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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Nebraska Territory | Napoleon Bonaparte Giddings | Democratic | 1854 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected November 5, 1855.[8] Democratic hold. |
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Oregon Territory | Joseph Lane | Democratic | 1851 | Incumbent re-elected. | <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"/>
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See also
- 1854 United States elections
- 1824–1854 List of United States House of Representatives elections
- 1854 and 1855 United States Senate elections
- 33rd United States Congress
- 34th United States Congress
Notes
- ↑ While Martis, et al. count 51 Know Nothings, Dubin (p. 174) counts 52.
- ↑ Includes two Anti-Broderick Democrats (California), one Anti-Benton Democrat (Missouri), one Hard-Shell Democrat (New York), and four Soft-Shell Democrats (New York)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Counted as part of the plurality-winning "Opposition Party."
- ↑ Includes votes for those who ran labeled as a Anti-Broderick Democrat, Anti-Benton Democrat, Hard Shell Democrat or Soft-Shell Democrat.
- ↑ Included one Independent Whig: Anthony Ellmaker Roberts of Pennsylvania.
- ↑ Includes votes for those who ran labeled as a Independent, Benton Democrat, Independent Democrat, or Independent American.
- ↑ Compared to Whigs, Free Soilers, and Independents elected in the previous election of 1852.
- ↑ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for Congressional elections as well.
- ↑ At-large district abolished in redistricting.
- ↑ Compared to just Whig Party members elected in the previous election of 1852. If Whig Party and Free Soil Party members are counted together, the increase was only 25.
- ↑ Bennett led 578-560 in returns that included the results of Ottoe (175-95 Bennett), Richardson (76-36 Bennett), Dacotah (25-0 Chapman), and Burt (14-10 Chapman) counties. Gov. Izard excluded those results due to irregularities.
References
- ↑ http://mcimaps.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/34th-Congress.png
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Martis, p. 108–109.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Dubin, p. 174.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=115030
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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Bibliography
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
- Use mdy dates from May 2020
- Articles with invalid date parameter in template
- Articles with short description
- Pages with broken file links
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- 1854 United States House of Representatives elections
- 1855 United States House of Representatives elections