Auckland Castle

Auckland Castle
Location within County Durham
Alternative names	Auckland Palace, Bishop's Palace, Bishop's Castle
General information
Type	Manor house
Architectural style	Neo-Gothic
Address	Auckland Castle, Bishop Auckland, Co. Durham DL14 7NR
Coordinates
Owner	Auckland Castle Trust

Auckland Castle, also known as Auckland Palace and locally as the Bishop's Castle or Bishop's Palace, is located in Bishop Auckland, its neighbouring town in County Durham, England.

Owned by the Church of England for the prince-bishopric of Durham for more than 800 years, Auckland Castle was originally established as a hunting lodge. The principal seat of the Bishops of Durham from 1832, it was transferred in July 2012 to the Auckland Castle Trust, a charitable foundation to restore both the castle and grounds and also establish permanent exhibitions on the history of Christianity in Britain and the North East.

In appearance more like a Gothic stately home than a medieval fortification, Auckland Castle remains a working episcopal palace being the residence and official headquarters of the Bishop of Durham and its Scotland Wing. It currently serves as the administrative offices of the Durham Diocesan Board of Finance.

Its Long Dining Room houses 12 of the 13 celebrated 17th-century paintings, by Francisco de Zurbarán, of Jacob and his 12 sons. These paintings have hung for 250 years in this room specifically designed and constructed for them. In 2001 the Church Commissioners voted to sell the works of art, then estimated at £20m in value, but relented after a review in 2010.

On 31 March 2011 the Church Commissioners announced that plans to sell off the paintings were shelved following a donation of £15 million from investment manager Jonathan Ruffer, placing the paintings, along with the castle, under the Auckland Castle Trust.

The castle is surrounded by 800 acres (3.2 km²) of parkland, which was originally used by the bishops and their entourages for hunting and is today open to the public. The Castle and its grounds contain seven Grade I listed buildings. These include a Deer House in Auckland Castle Park which was built in 1760, a large castellated-stone building to shelter the deer, which nowadays has a viewing room for visitors.

History

In around 1183 Bishop Hugh Pudsey established a manor house on the site. Bishop Beck, who relocated his main residence from Durham Castle to Auckland due to its proximity to his hunting estate, later converted the manor house into a castle.

After the disestablishment of the Church of England at the end of the First English Civil War in 1646, Auckland Castle was sold to Sir Arthur Hazelrigg, who demolished much of the medieval building, including the original two-storey chapel, and built a mansion. After the Restoration of the Monarchy, Prince-Bishop John Cosin, in turn demolished Hazelrigg's mansion and rebuilt the castle converting the banqueting hall into the chapel that stands today.

In 1756 Bishop Richard Trevor bought a set of paintings of Jacob and his 12 sons painted by Francisco de Zurbarán which still hang in the Long Dining Room. It is possible that the seventeenth century paintings were intended for South America. However they never reached their supposed destination, eventually coming into the possession of James Mendez who sold twelve of the thirteen to Dr. Trevor for £125 in 1756.

Bishop Trevor was unable to secure the 13th portrait, Benjamin which was sold separately to the Duke of Ancaster and hangs in Grimsthorpe Castle, Lincolnshire. Bishop Trevor commissioned Arthur Pond to produce a copy painting of "Benjamin". The copy, together with the 12 originals, hang in the castle's Long Dining Room, which Bishop Trevor had redesigned especially to take the pictures.

Shute Barrington, Bishop of Durham from 1791 to 1826, employed the eminent architect James Wyatt to match the disparate architecture of the palace in the late 18th century, including its Throne Room and Garden Screen. In 1832, when William van Mildert, the last prince-bishop, gave over Durham Castle to found Durham University, Auckland Castle became the sole episcopal seat of the See of Durham.

Culture

Auckland Castle hosted two episodes of BBC's Antiques Roadshow in 2006. It also provides the setting for Lewis Carroll's story "A Legend of Scotland". Its Scotland Wing is so named from its historical accommodation of Scots prisoners.

From 2013, a 15th century bed owned by Henry VII was put on display at the castle.

Notable structures

Image	Name	Listed	Co-ordinates	Notes	Ref(s)
100px	Auckland Castle	Grade I		Probably begun in the 12th century and completed in the 13th century;
	West Mural Tower and West Walls	Grade I		First wall built 14th century;
	Entrance Gateway	Grade I		Built by Thomas Robinson in 1760 for Prince-Bishop Trevor;
	Chapel of St Peter	Grade I		Built as Great Hall around 1190, completed 1249 and converted to Chapel 1661-65;
100px	Screen Wall	Grade I		Built by James Wyatt around 1795 for Prince-Bishop Barrington;
	Deer Shelter	Grade I		Built around 1760;
100px	Castle Lodge	Grade I		Built 17th century;
	11 Market Place	Grade II*		Built early 18th century; formerly known as 18 Castle Square;
100px	15 and 16 Market Place	Grade II		18th century Park Gatehouses;
100px	17 and 18 Market Place	Grade II		Built early 18th century;
100px	12 Market Place	Grade II		Built early 18th century, previously known as 19 Castle Square;
	2 and 3 Castle Square	Grade II		Medieval use unknown; later Prebends' College, then carriage houses;
100px	Westcott Lodge	Grade II		Built early-18th century;
	Six pillars;	Grade II		Possibly 17th century hayshed;
	Garden and Drive Walls	Grade II		Built 18th and 19th century, railings added 19th century;
100px	Jock's Bridge	Grade II		Built 1819, forms Park boundary wall;
100px	Trevor's Bridge	Grade II		Built 1757;
100px	Ice House	Grade II		Probably built late-18th century;
100px	Footbridge over Coundon Burn	Grade II		Built mid-18th century;
	Footbridge over Coundon Burn	Grade II		Built 1827;
	Footbridge over Coundon Burn	Grade II		Built 18th century;
100px	Well Head	Grade II		2m high pyramid, part of 18th century water supply to Castle;
	Cistern	Grade II		Part of 18th century water supply to Castle;
	Milestone on Castle Drive	Grade II		18th century;
100px	Park Gates and Screen Wall	Grade II		Built late 18th century;
	Lodge Farmhouse	Grade II		Built 1779 for Prince-Bishop Egerton;
	Stables and Barn of Lodge Farmhouse	Grade II		Built 1779;
	Stables and Barn of Lodge Farmhouse	Grade II		Built 1779.

See also

• Castles in Great Britain and Ireland
• List of castles in England

External links

• Official website