Mausolus
Mausolus | |
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Probable portrait of Mausolus.
Mausolus, 377–353 BCE. Casting from the Pushkin museum.
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Satrap of Caria | |
In office | 377–353 BCE |
Predecessor | Hecatomnus |
Successor | Artemisia II |
Born | Caria (modern-day Turkey) |
Died | 353 BCE Halicarnassus, Caria, Achaemenid Empire (modern-day Bodrum, Muğla, Turkey) |
Burial | Mausoleum of Halicarnassus |
Consort | Artemisia II |
House | Hecatomnids |
Father | Hecatomnus |
Religion | Greek polytheism |
Mausolus (Ancient Greek: Μαύσωλος or Μαύσσωλλος[1], Carian: [𐊪𐊠]𐊲𐊸𐊫𐊦 Mauśoλ “much blessed”[1][2]) was a ruler of Caria (377–353 BCE), nominally a satrap of the Achaemenid Empire. He enjoyed the status of king or dynast by virtue of the powerful position created by his father Hecatomnus (Carian: 𐊴𐊭𐊪𐊳𐊫 K̂tmño), who had succeeded the assassinated Persian Satrap Tissaphernes in the Carian satrapy and founded the hereditary dynasty of the Hecatomnids. He is best known for the monumental shrine, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, erected and named for him by order of his widow (who was also his sister) Artemisia.[citation needed]
Biography
Mausolus was the eldest son of Hecatomnus, a native Carian who became the satrap of Caria when Tissaphernes died, around 395 BCE.[citation needed]
Mausolus participated in the Revolt of the Satraps, both on his nominal sovereign Artaxerxes Mnemon's side and (briefly) against him. In 366 BCE, Mausolus together with Autophradates of Lydia, at the request of Artaxerxes, led the siege of Adramyttium against Ariobarzanes, one of the members of the Great Satraps' Revolt, until Agesilaus, king of Sparta, negotiated the besiegers' retreat.[3]
Mausolus conquered a great part of Lycia circa 360 BCE, putting an end to the line of dynasts that had ruled there. He also invaded Ionia and several Greek islands; and he cooperated with the Rhodians in the Social War against Athens. He moved his capital from Mylasa, the ancient seat of the Carian kings, to Halicarnassus.[citation needed]
Mausolus embraced Hellenic culture. He is best known for the monumental shrine, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, erected and named for him by order of his widow (who was also his sister) Artemisia.[4] Antipater of Sidon listed the Mausoleum as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The architects Satyrus and Pythis, and the sculptors Scopas of Paros, Leochares, Bryaxis and Timotheus, finished the work after the death of Artemisia, some of them working (it was said) purely for renown. The site and a few remains can still be seen in the Turkish town of Bodrum. Derived from his name, the term mausoleum has come to be used generically for any grand tomb.[citation needed]
An inscription discovered at Milas, the ancient Mylasa,[5] details the punishment of certain conspirators who had made an attempt upon his life at a festival in a temple at Labraunda in 353 BCE.[citation needed]
References
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- ↑ Gershevitch 1985, p. 378.
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Bibliography
- Simon Hornblower: Mausolus, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1982
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mausolus. |
- Livius, Mausolus by Jona Lendering
- Caria
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