Nellore

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This article is about the city. For district in Andhra Pradesh, see Nellore district.
Nellore
నెల్లూరు
City
Nellore Montage Clockwise from top left: Nellore City View, Narayana Colleges, A Ship at Krishnapatnam Port, Gopuram of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Nellore
Nellore Montage Clockwise from top left: Nellore City View, Narayana Colleges, A Ship at Krishnapatnam Port, Gopuram of Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Nellore
Nellore is located in Andhra Pradesh
Nellore
Nellore
Nellore
Coordinates: Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Country India
State Andhra Pradesh
Region Coastal Andhra
District Nellore
Government
 • Type Mayor-council
 • Body Nellore Municipal Corporation
 • Mayor Abdul Aziz
Area[1]
 • City 48.39 km2 (18.68 sq mi)
 • Metro[2] 100.33 km2 (38.74 sq mi)
Elevation 18 m (59 ft)
Population (2011)[3][4]
 • City 499,575
 • Rank 76th (India)
4th (Andhra Pradesh)
 • Density 10,000/km2 (27,000/sq mi)
 • Metro[5] 558,548
Languages
 • Official Telugu
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN 524 xxx
Telephone code +91–861
Vehicle registration AP–26

Nellore (Nelluru) is a city in Nellore district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located located on the banks of the Penna River in Nellore mandal of Nellore revenue division.[2] It is a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Nellore district. The city is the fourth most populous settlement of the state well known for its agriculture and aquaculture.

Etymology

In Telugu 'Nelli' stands for 'Gooseberry',[6] and 'Ooru' stands for Town.
Nellore finds mention in Dongalasani epigraph of 1160 AD. The name is said to have been derived from ‘Nelli’ trees (Perma Latifolia) which were abundant in the region. The name Nellore has a Tamil origin as well. ‘Nellu’ in Tamil means paddy, indicating that the place is known for its rich harvest of paddy, consequently Nellore got it's another Sanskrit overlaid name of Dhanyapuri.
[7]

The name Vikrama Simhapuri derives itself from literature and inscriptions of 12th century AD which mention the place as ‘Vikrama Simhapuri’. This name is linked to an early Pallava ruler, Simha – Vishnu (575 – 600 AD), though the Pallava inscriptions either of Simha – Vishnu or of the latter period did not refer to Simhapuri in spite of the fact that Nellore remained a part of the early Pallava territory of pre- and post- Simha Vishnu period. Nellore was under the reign of the Pallavas, Cholas, Chalukyas, Kaktiyas, and the Vijayanagara empire. The city was known as Vikrama Simhapuri and was the capital of Manumasiddhi of Nellore Cholas in the thirteen century.[8]

According to Gazetteer of the Nellore District : Brought Upto 1938 Madras Presidency, the word Nellore is a combination of two Tamil words Nel and ooru which means Paddy Town in Tamil.[9]

History

Nellore existed from the times of the Mauryan empire and was ruled by Ashoka in the 3rd century B.C. Nellore was conquered by the Rulers of the Pallava Dynasty and it was under their till the 6th Century AD, subsequently the Chola rulers ruled Nellore for a long period of time. The Telugu Cholas met their decline in the 13th Century.Tamil inscriptions indicate that it formed part of Cholas kingdom till their decline in the thirteenth century AD[10] It later became a part of Kakatiyas, Vijayanagara Empire, Sultanate of Golconda, Mughal Empire and Arcot Nawabdom. In the 18th century, Nellore was taken over by the British from the Arcot Nawabs and was part of the Madras Presidency of British India. The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. Potti Sriramulu, who fasted until death for the formation of Andhra Pradesh, hailed from Nellore. The city had an important role in the emergence of the Telugu language and the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh. It had been under the rule of Maurya Dynasty, Kharavela of Chedi dynasty, Satavahanas, Kakatiyas, Pallavas, Cholas, Eastern Gangas of Kalinga Empire, Telugu Cholas, Pandyas, Vijayanagara Empire, Arcot Nawabs and other dynasties

Geography

Nellore is located at Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found..[11] It has an average elevation of 18 metres (59 ft).[11]

Climate

The climate of Nellore city is a typical tropical maritime climate, with hot, humid summers and mild winters. April and May are the hottest months and the hot conditions generally last until the end of the June, December, January and February are the coolest months. As the Bay of Bengal is at a distance of 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the city, the sea breeze renders the climate of the city moderate both in winter and in summer. Humidity level in the city is high due to its proximity to the coast. Nellore does not receive the south-west monsoon. Rainfall in Nellore occurs between the months of October and December due to the north-east monsoon. This period gives about 60 percent of the city's annual rainfall. Cyclones are common in the city during this period, causing floods and havoc.[12]

The maximum temperature is 36 to 46 °C (97 to 115 °F) during summer and the minimum temperature is 23 to 25 °C (73 to 77 °F) during winter. The rainfall ranges from 700 to 1,000 mm (28 to 39 in) through South West and North East Monsoons. Nellore is subject both to droughts and to floods based on the seasons. It is also the hottest city in India with at least 35 super hot days in a year.[13]

Climate data for Nellore (1971–2000)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.6
(96.1)		 39.4
(102.9)		 43.9
(111)		 45.6
(114.1)		 46.7
(116.1)		 46.7
(116.1)		 42.2
(108)		 40.6
(105.1)		 41.7
(107.1)		 39.4
(102.9)		 36.7
(98.1)		 35.0
(95)		 46.7
(116.1)
Average high °C (°F) 29.9
(85.8)		 32.4
(90.3)		 35.0
(95)		 37.9
(100.2)		 39.8
(103.6)		 38.1
(100.6)		 35.9
(96.6)		 35.1
(95.2)		 35.2
(95.4)		 32.6
(90.7)		 29.9
(85.8)		 28.9
(84)		 34.2
(93.6)
Average low °C (°F) 20.3
(68.5)		 21.8
(71.2)		 23.4
(74.1)		 26.1
(79)		 28.1
(82.6)		 28.3
(82.9)		 26.9
(80.4)		 26.7
(80.1)		 26.3
(79.3)		 25.0
(77)		 23.0
(73.4)		 21.2
(70.2)		 24.8
(76.6)
Record low °C (°F) 15.0
(59)		 16.1
(61)		 17.2
(63)		 20.2
(68.4)		 20.2
(68.4)		 21.1
(70)		 22.2
(72)		 21.7
(71.1)		 21.5
(70.7)		 18.9
(66)		 16.7
(62.1)		 14.4
(57.9)		 14.4
(57.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 9.7
(0.382)		 1.7
(0.067)		 1.5
(0.059)		 11.0
(0.433)		 30.1
(1.185)		 31.1
(1.224)		 75.4
(2.969)		 85.2
(3.354)		 91.6
(3.606)		 265.9
(10.469)		 316.6
(12.465)		 102.5
(4.035)		 1,022.3
(40.248)
Average precipitation days 0.9 0.2 0.2 0.4 1.3 3.5 6.0 6.4 5.6 8.9 9.1 4.0 46.4
Source: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[14][15]

Demographics

As of 2011[needs update] census, Nellore city had a population of 499,575. The average literacy rate stands at 83.59% (male 87.53%; female 79.52%) with 387,192 literates, significantly higher than the state average of 73.00%.[16][17] The expanded city population post merger of 15 gram panchayats into Nellore Municipal Corporation stands at 600,869.[2][18]

Governance

Civic administration

Nellore Municipal Corporation oversees the civic needs of the city. It was constituted on 18 October 2004 with 50 wards, which were increased to 54 wards in 2013 and has a jurisdictional area of 48.39 km2 (18.68 sq mi). It has an urban agglomeration area of 100.31 km2 (38.73 sq mi) which comprises Nellore corporation, census town of Buja Buja Nellore, out growths of Nellore (Bit-I), Kallurupalle, Visavaviletipadu and partial out growths of Allipuram, Chintareddipalem, Gundapalem.[1][2] Present mayor of the city is Abdul Aziz.[19]

Politics

Nellore is represented by Nellore City (Assembly constituency) and Nellore Rural (Assembly constituency) for Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly. Anil Kumar Poluboina is the present MLA of Nellore City (Assembly constituency) representing YSRCP.[20] Kotamreddy Sridhar Reddy is the present MLA of Nellore Rural (Assembly constituency) representing YSRCP.[21][22]

Economy

Agriculture in Nellore—rice paddy fields

Certain industries like Nippo batteries factory, Apache leather shoes factory etc. have their presence. Proximity to the sea and fertile land towards the east have led to agriculture and aquaculture to prosper. The most productive is the Shrimp culturing.[23]

Culture

Festivals

The annual Rottela Panduga/Rotiyaan ki Eid is an annual urs event celebrated at the Bara Shaheed Dargah(shrine of twelve martyrs) on the banks of Swarnala Cheruvu.[24] The event got its name after the practice of exchanging roti(flat breads) and attracts visitors from all background.[25]

Transport

Road

4-lane divided National Highway 5 connects Nellore to major urban and cultural centers of India

Nellore is well connected by road with National Highway 5 passing through the city, a part of the Golden Quadrilateral project. It is connected by APSRTC to major parts of the state and also to states like Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Nellore is a zonal headquarters of APSRTC, comprising Nellore, Prakasam and Chittoor districts.[26] There are 2 bus stations in the city namely, RTC Bus Station for intercity and interstate mofussil buses and Potti Sreeramulu Bus Station (or Atmakur Bus Station) for intra–district and town buses.

Rail

Nellore Railway Station

Nellore railway station lies on Vijayawada-Chennai section of Howrah-Chennai main line and hence well connected by rail to most parts of India. It is also connected by Chennai Suburban Railway, lying on the North Line which terminates at Bitragunta. It is classified as an A–category station. It is recognised as an Adarsh station in the Vijayawada railway division of South Central Railway zone.[27] It is also one amongst the top hundred booking stations of Indian Railway.[28] Apart from Nellore, the city has and two small railway stations namely, Nellore south & Vedayapalem.[29][30]

Sea

Krishnapatnam Port Company in the sea is where Nellore live. (KPCL) was formed by government of Andhra Pradesh to develop the existing minor port into modern, deep water and high productivity port, on BOST (Build–Operate-Share-Transfer) concession basis for 50 years. It was opened on July 17, 2008. On May 9, 2013, Government of India decided to set up a second major port at Dugarajapatnam in Nellore District. It will be the second major port in Andhra Pradesh.

Air

The nearest airport is at Tirupati Airport, at a distance of 130 km from the city. The Government of Czech Republic has evinced interest in building a domestic airport in Nellore.[31] However so far no concrete work has been done on this front as the process of land acquisition for the airport is posing a problem.[32]

Education

Secondary and higher secondary education are handled by SSC board. Although many schools have a choice to pursue school education through Central board (CBSE).Several institutes are offering K.G to P.G in Nellore itself without depending on other states or country's. Prominent institutions include Vikrama Simhapuri University, Rao's Educational Society, Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, Veda and Sanskrit college, Government Medical College, and Venkatagiri Raja's College (VRC) and high school,Narayana Medical College, Atmakur Engineering college, Thrive School [1].

Tourism

Somasila Dam, Pulicat Lake, Nelapattu Bird Sanctuary, Udaygiri fort, SiddalaKona, Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Mypadu Beach are some of the notable places.

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ https://suruchi.wordpress.com/2012/07/11/nelli-chettu-saaru-dried-gooseberry-rasam/
  7. ↑ http://1nellore.com/about-nellore/
  8. ↑ http://www.katragadda.com/articles/HistoryOfTheAndhras.pdf
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ (1908) The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Volume 19. Nayakanhatti to Parbhani. Clarendon Press. p. 9
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  17. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ http://www.apsrtc.gov.in/Officers%20and%20Employees.aspx
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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