Trukic–Ponapeic languages
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| Trukic–Pohnpeic | |
|---|---|
| Chuukic–Ponapeic | |
| Geographic distribution: |
Micronesia |
| Linguistic classification: | Austronesian
|
| Subdivisions: | |
| Glottolog: | pona1247[1] |
The Trukic–Ponapeic or Chuukic–Pohnpeic languages are a family of Micronesian languages consisting of two dialect continua, Trukic and Ponapeic. They are the westernmost and historically most recent[clarification needed] Micronesian languages.[2]
Contents
Composition
Unique innovations
Chuukic-Pohnpeic has several unique innovations that separates it as a subgroup from the rest of Nuclear Micronesian. Among the most prominent are historical sound changes from Proto Micronesian.
Historical sound changes
Chuukic-Pohnpeic languages share a number of historical sounds changes from Proto Oceanic and Proto Micronesian. Chuukic languages and Pohnpeic languages separately share later innovations.
| Proto Oceanic | *mp | *mp,ŋp | *p | *m | *m,ŋm | *k | *ŋk | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *s,nj | *ns,j | *j | *nt,nd | *d,R | *l | *n | *ɲ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Proto Micronesian | *p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *x | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *T | *s | *S | *Z | *c | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
| Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic | *p | *pʷ | *f | *m | *mʷ | *k | *r,∅ | *ŋ | *y | *w | *t | *j | *t | *t | ∅ | *c | *r | *l | *n | *ɲ |
Reconstructed vocabulary
| Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic | English Gloss | Modern Language Reflexes |
|---|---|---|
| *awa | mouth | CAR aaw, PON aaw |
| *faa | brave, strong | CHK fa 'be brave, bold', MOK pa 'be talented' |
| *fawo-ni-pei | name of Pohnpei Island | WOL fóólopei, PON Pohnpei |
| *kurupʷu | small young coconut | CHK kurupʷ, PON kurupʷ 'immature coconut' |
| *pirafa | to steal | MRT púraf, PNG pirap |
| *waiya | journey, be foreign | CAR weey 'to travel', PON way 'be foreign, from abroad' |
| *woro- | throat, neck | CHK woro-mi 'to swallow', PON wɛrɛ 'his/her neck' |
