Voisava Kastrioti

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Voisava
File:The Dream of Skanderbeg's Mother.jpg
The Dream of Skanderbeg's Mother – Jörg Breu II 1533
Born Polog
Other names Vojsava, Vojislava; Tribalda, Tripalda[A]
Known for Mother of Skanderbeg
Spouse(s) Gjon Kastrioti
Children 9 children, see Family
Relatives Presumably Branković dynasty or Muzaka family

Voisava (fl. at least 1402–05) was the wife of Gjon Kastrioti, a member of the Albanian nobility with whom she had nine children, one of whom is Albanian national hero[1] Gjergj Kastrioti, better known as Skanderbeg. She is mentioned in passing in two sources from the start of the 16th century. The first source, comes from the testament of Gjon Muzaka (Giovanni Musachi). In his genealogy he writes: Dominicus alias Moncinus [genuit]: 1. Agnese Andre Angeli mater, & 2. Voisava Ivani uxorem. Uxor is Latin for "wife, spouse" and Dominicus alias Moncinus is Voisava's father according to the document. The second source, a biography on her son, mentions her as the daughter of a "Triballian nobleman", which is interpreted as her being Serbian, modern scholars pointing to the Branković dynasty.[2] The other view is that Voisava Kastrioti was a member of the Muzaka Noble family.

Family

Voisava married Gjon Kastrioti, the "Lord of a part of Albania" (dominus partium Albanie). She bore 9 children with Gjon, 4 sons and 5 daughters:

  • Reposh (fl. 1426–d. 1431), monk, buried at a monastery[where?].[3][unreliable source?]
  • Stanisha (fl. 1426–d. 1445), commander.[4]
  • Konstandin (fl. 1426),
  • Mara, married Stefan Crnojević, Lord of Zeta (r. 1451–65)
  • Skanderbeg (Gjergj Kastrioti, 1405–1468), Albanian magnate and general; Ottoman subaşi of Krujë, sanjakbey of Dibra, later organizer of the League of Lezhë, and Napolitan vassal as of 1451
  • Jelena (or Jela), married Pavle Balšić[5] with whom she had, according to Noli, three sons.[6]
  • Mamica, married Musachio Thopia in 1445[5]
  • Angelina, married Vladan Arianiti,[7] brother of Gjergj Arianiti.[8]
  • Vlajka, married Ghin Musachi,[5] secondly Stefan Strez Balšić[9] with whom she possibly had sons Ivan and Gojko.[10]

Early sources

The earliest works mentioning Voisava are:

  • Marin Barleti, the Albanian-Venetian historian, wrote in his biography of Skanderbeg (published between 1508–10), that her "father was a Triballian nobleman" (pater nobilissimus Triballorum princeps).[2] In another chapter, when talking about the inhabitants of Upper Debar that defended Svetigrad, he calls them "Bulgarians or Triballi" (Bulgari sive Tribali habitant).[11] The term "Triballians" (Triballoi) was used in Byzantine works as an exonym for Serbs.[12][13][14]
  • Gjon Muzaka, a member of the Albanian Muzaka family in Italy, mentioned her in his chronicle (published in 1515) as Voisava Tripalda, "who was of a noble family". Furthermore, in another chapter, Muzaka explains that "Tribali" is another name for Serbs.[15] According to W. Miller,[16] and von Hahn, the surname (Tripalda) added by Muzaka is a corruption, a derivative from Barleti's quote on the Triballi.[17] In another passage, it is alleged that the "Marquis of Tripalda" was maternally related to the Muzaka,[18] which has led to F. Noli and H. Hodgkinson theorizing that Voisava was a Muzaka (see next section).

Modern sources

  • Johann Georg von Hahn, an Austrian expert in Albanian studies, had several theses on the genealogy of Albanian noble families in Albanesische Studien (1854). In Reise durch die Gebiete von Drin und Wardar (1867/69), he theorized that if one of Vrana Konti's descendants held the title "Marchese di Tripalda", that Vrana and Voisava Tripalda were related by blood.[19]
  • Karl Hopf (1832–1873), a German historian and expert in Byzantine studies, in Chroniques Greco-romanes (1873) concluded that Voisava was daughter of a Serbian lord from Polog.[20]
  • William Miller, the English medievalist, said the following, in his review of Athanase Gegaj's work which claimed that Skanderbeg was purely Albanian: "...Skanderbeg's mother had a Slav name, and the epithet 'Tripalda' given to her is a corruption of the tribal name 'Triballi', which the pedantic Byzantine historians applied to the Serbs. Moreover, if he had no connexion with Serbia, why should he have given two villages to Chilindar ... the famous Serbian monastery on Mount Athos, immemorially connected with Serbian kings, medieval and modern?".[16]
  • In Bulgarian historiography, Vasil Zlatarski, the prominent scholar, mentioned her as the daughter of a Serbian nobleman.[21] Historian Strashimir Dimitrov (1892–1960) said that she was a daughter of a local Bulgarian lord (boyar) from Macedonia.[22]
  • Fan S. Noli, an Albanian-American writer, in his biography of Skanderbeg (1947), adopted the view that Vojsava came from the Muzaka family.[23] British Harry Hodgkinson (1913–1994)[24] too, considered her a member of the Muzaka family.[25] Schmitt refuted this view and notes that Hodgkinson had done no archival research.[26]
  • Boban Petrovski, a Macedonian historian and author of Voisava Tribalda (2006), the only work about Voisava and her possible genealogies, concluded that Voisava was of undoubtedly Slavic origin, most likely Serb, as she was the daughter of a lord of the "Triballians" (Serbs) in Polog, that had ruled before the Ottoman conquest.[27] He had several theses on the ultimate identity of Voisava's father: "If the Branković family indeed governed Polog in the last decade of the 14th century, it arises the chance that Voisava was a daughter of Grgur Branković or even Vuk Branković."[28]
  • Oliver Schmitt, a professor of South-East European history at Vienna University, in his biography Skanderbeg: Der neue Alexander auf dem Balkan (2009) supported that she was a Serbian noblewoman of the Branković family and sister to Mara Branković.[29]
  • Robert Elsie (born 1950), an Albanologist, mentioned her as "a Slavic woman ... related to the noble Serbian Brankovići family".[30]

Annotations

  1. ^ Barleti gives her name as simply "Voisava",[2] without any surname, while Muzaka wrote her name as "Voisava Tripalda".[31] According to W. Miller,[16] and von Hahn, the surname added by Muzaka is a corruption, or derivative, from Barleti's quote on the Triballi.[17] The name "Voisava" is Slavic,[16][32][33] derived from Vojislava.[33][34] Her name is also rendered Vojsava.

References

  1. ↑ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Skanderbeg
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Noli 1947, p. 189: "writes: "Uxori Voisavae nomen erat, non indignam eo viro, tum pater nobilissimus Tribalorum princeps ...""; Barletius, l. I, fo 2: "... Triballorum princeps"
  3. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 189: "Reposhi was a holy man, became a monk and died in the Monastery of Signa, as Musachi tells us: "Reposio predet'o fu huomo de santa vita e se n' ando al Monte Sinai e si fe frate e Ii morse.".
  4. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 22: "This time he notified Venice that he was compelled to give his son as a hostage to the Despot of Serbia.48 As a matter of fact, he had sent his son Stanisha with an auxiliary corps to help the Serbians against the Venetians at Scutari.49".
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 208.
  7. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 189: "Angelina with Vladan Araniti".
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 64: "Vlajka me Stefan Stres Balshën".
  10. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  11. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.; Barletius, l. V, fo. 62: "Superior Dibra montuosa est et aspera, ferax tarnen et Macedoniam tum ipsa loci vicinitate, tum similitudine morum contingens. Bulgari sive Tribali habitant"
  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  15. ↑ Hopf 1873, p. 313: "...Tribali overo Misii ch' hoggi se nominato Serviani.".
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.; JSTOR: The English Historical Review, Vol. 53, No. 209 (Jan., 1938), p. 129
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.; Hahn 1869, p. 117
  18. ↑ Hopf 1873, p. 301: [Musachi:] "Accio sappiate, in che modo c'era parente il Signor marchese della Tripalda, ve dico, che l'e per parte de donna..." [Know that the marquis of Tripalda is related to us by a female line]
  19. ↑ Hahn 1869, p. 121: "... Mutter eine geborene Tripalda war und ein Nachkomme des Wrana Conte den Titel Márchese di Tripalda führte, so erscheint selbst die Frage erlaubt, ob nicht etwa Wrana Conte ein Blutsverwandter von Skanderbeg's Mutter war.".
  20. ↑ Hopf 1873, p. 533: "fille du seigneur (Serbe) de Polog".
  21. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Димитров, Страшимир: Георги Кастриоти-Скендербег и неговата освободителна борба, В: Г. Кастриоти Скендербег 1468-1968 г. София, сп. "Балкани", БАН, No2, 1970, стр. 11: "It is known that his mother, Voisava, was of Slavic-Bulgarian origin, "daughter of the lord of Polog, which is part of Macedonia and Bulgaria", says one anonymous Venetian chronicle..."
  23. ↑ Noli 1947, p. 189, note 33: "Në faqen 308, Muzaka na thotë se Vojsava ishte shqiptare nga familja e Muzakajve; Barleti ,,Vita", Libri I, faqe 1, shkruan ,,Bashkëshortja kishte emrin Voisavë, (grua) jo e padenjë për atë burër; i ati ishte një princ shumë fisnik i Tribalëve ".
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Schmitt 2009, p. 8: "Gelandekundige, wie etwa ein britischer Geheimdienstoffizier des Zweiten Weltkriegs (H.Hodgkinson), wiederum, hatten keine Archivarbeit betrieben"
  27. ↑ Petrovski 2006, pp. 2, 3, 10.
  28. ↑ Petrovski 2006, "Доколку ја прифатиме оваа варијанта, според која Бранковиките биле господари на/во Полог до почетког на последната деценија од XIV век, во тој случај произлегува дека Воисава била керка на Гргур или пак, можеби на Вук Бранковик.".
  29. ↑ Schmitt 2009, pp. 44–45; Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.; Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  30. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Hopf 1873, p. 301, quoting Muzaka: "Muzachi "E la madre de detto Signor Scanderbeg, moglie del detto Signor Giovanni, hebbe nome Signora Voisava Tripalda e venne da bonna parte"
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Vukanović 1971.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

Sources

  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found. Dominicus alias Moncinus [genuit]: 1. Agnese Andre Angeli mater, & 2. Voisava Ivani uxorem. (Karl Hopf: Chroniques gréco-romanes inédites ou peu connues, Berlin, p. 308). Uxor is Latin for "wife, spouse".(includes Giovanni Musachi, Historia della casa Musachia)
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  • Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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