Buffalo Police Department

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Buffalo Police Department
Abbreviation BPD
220x140px
Seal
Motto Serving The Community
Agency overview
Formed 1871; 153 years ago (1871)
Preceding agency Niagara Frontier Police District
Annual budget US$ 131 million (2017–2018)[1]
Legal personality Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction* City of Buffalo in the state of New York, USA
Size 52.5 square miles (136 km2)
Population 260,000
Legal jurisdiction As per operations jurisdiction.
Primary governing body Mayor of Buffalo, New York
Secondary governing body Buffalo Common Council
General nature
Operational structure
Headquarters 68 Court Street
Buffalo, NY 14202
Police Officers 708 (2017-18)[1]
Unsworn members ~200
Agency executive Byron C. Lockwood, Commissioner
Facilities
Districts
5
Website
www.bpdny.org
Footnotes
* Divisional agency: Division of the country, over which the agency has usual operational jurisdiction.

The Buffalo Police Department (BPD) is the second-largest city police force in the state of New York. In 2012, it had over nine hundred employees, including over seven hundred police officers.[2]

The Buffalo Police are headquartered at the City of Buffalo Police and Fire Headquarters at the Michael J. Dillon U.S. Courthouse Building on Court Street in Downtown Buffalo.

In 2020, the BPD was in the national spotlight after a video showed BPD officers shoving a 75-year old man to the ground, causing a skull injury and bleeding from his head while they walked past him without giving him treatment.[3][4][5]

History

The City of Buffalo Police Department was established in 1871, taking over for the previous Niagara Frontier Police District that oversaw not only Buffalo, but also Tonawanda and Wheatfield.[1][6] The first BPD force had 204 men.[6]

The BPD appointed its first female police officer prior to World War I.[7] The department hired George C. Sarsnett, its first Black policeman in 1919. He served the city for nineteen years dying of natural causes in 1937.[8] The second Black policeman, hired that same year was Oliver M. Bragg. He was promoted to detective and stayed with the police until his retirement in 1946.[7] Fifty-one Buffalo police officers have died in the line of duty. The first of these was George Dill who was shot and killed in 1865.[9]

In 1930 the department changed the design of its badges. Press reports at the time indicated that Mayor Frank X. Schwab had distributed official badges to his friends causing confusion.[10]

In 2018, the BPD, along with the Buffalo Fire Department, moved into a new joint headquarters building in the former Michael J. Dillon Federal Courthouse.[11] The Buffalo Police Commissioner is Byron C. Lockwood[12] after Commissioner Daniel Derenda retired to the private sector.[13] The deputy commissioner is Joseph Gramaglia.[14]

Police misconduct and other controversies

The BPD has a history of police brutality and racial profiling.[15][16][17][18] In its early days, the department primarily served upper-class business interests in Buffalo, in particular to quell labor unrest; business interests controlled the police commissioners and the superintendents.[6] The department has also been accused of retaliation against officers who attempt to stop police misconduct.[19] Accountability measures for police are very weak in Buffalo.[20]

Cariol Horne lawsuit

In 2006, BPD officer Cariol Horne intervened when Gregory Kwiatkowski, a white officer, was choking a handcuffed black suspect.[21] Horne claimed that Kwiatkowski punched her in the face, while Kwiatkowski claimed Horne had jumped on him while he was struggling with the suspect. The incident was not filmed. An internal investigation resulted in no other officer supporting Horne's claims. For her intervention, she was fired and lost her pension one year before it went into effect,[16][4] whereas Kwiatkowski was shortly thereafter promoted to lieutenant.[19] In 2009, Kwiatkowski was convicted and sentenced to prison after using excessive force on four handcuffed black teenagers.[22][23][4][19] Kwiatkowski was forced to retire after assaulting two other officers in separate incidents, but was permitted to keep his pension.[24][21] In 2020, in the wake of George Floyd protests, including the Niagara Square shoving incident; white-shoe law firm Kirkland & Ellis launched an action for reinstatement on behalf of Horne.[25] On April 13, 2021, a state court judge vindicated Horne, granting her the back pay and benefits that the BPD had denied her.[19][26]

Reluctance to arrest child-molesting priests

Press reports in 2019 indicated the Department had an unwritten policy since at least 1968 to not arrest Catholic priests. Although retired officers said they had never released a priest who had had sexual contact with a child, those detained for public masturbation or sexual activity with an adult were released after a phone call to the local diocese. The clergy of other faiths were not offered the same policy.[27]

Niagara Square shoving incident

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Main article: Buffalo police shoving incident
External video
video icon Footage of the incident between a 75-year-old man and officers, filmed by a WBFO news team

On June 4, 2020, amid the George Floyd protests in New York state, police officers from the Buffalo Police Department pushed 75-year-old Martin Gugino during a confrontation in Buffalo's Niagara Square, causing him to fall to the ground which left him bleeding from the ear. He was brought to the hospital and was in "serious but stable condition."[28] Two days later he was still listed as being in "critical condition" at Erie County Medical Center.[29] He suffered a brain injury as a result of the fall and was still unable to walk nearly two weeks after the assault. The BPD claimed in their official statement that the man "tripped and fell".[30][31] Following the incident, Buffalo mayor Byron Brown announced impending changes to the BPD.[32]

Districts

The Department has five districts: A-District, B-District, C-District, D-District, and E-District.[33]

District District chief Neighborhoods covered
A Robert Joyce South Buffalo
B Vince Judge Downtown
C Alphonso Wright Eastside
D Joseph Fahey Riverside, North Buffalo
E Carmen Menza University Heights

Equipment

  • Glock 22 .40 S&W Sidearm - standard issue sidearm, replaced Glock 17.
  • Benelli Nova Shotgun-standard issue duty shotgun, used in situations when the rifle isn't needed and when the service pistol isn't needed. Medium range encounters.
  • Baton (law enforcement) - used as an impact weapon.
  • Pepper spray - used as a defensive spray.
  • Handcuffs - used to detain subjects.
Buffalo Police Special Weapons and Tactics
  • Glock 22 .40 S&W sometimes outfitted with a TLR-1 weapon light.
  • Colt AR-15 - M4A1 and Commando models utilized, usually equipped with different sights, flashlights, fore grips, usually more customized than usual patrol rifles.
  • Heckler & Koch MP5 - sub-machine gun utilized for certain scenarios in close quarters where the M4's would be to large and for other incidents.
  • Benelli M3 Super 90 - Entry Model with a 14" barrel with some equipped with flashlights.

Ranks

[citation needed]

[34]

Title Insignia
Commissioner
4 Gold Stars.svg
Deputy Commissioner
3 Gold Stars.svg
Chief
2 Gold Stars.svg
Inspector
50px
Captain
Captain insignia gold.svg
Lieutenant
US-O1 insignia.svg
Detective Sergeant
Detective
Police officer

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  12. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  13. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  14. ↑ "BPD Deputy Commissioner: High percentage of gun violence linked to new type of gang activity" by Olivia Proia, WKBW-TV, October 7, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
  15. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  18. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/73459/xcriminaljustice__buffalo_police_department_fact_sheet.pdf?sequence=1[bare URL PDF]
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