Dammam–Riyadh Line

SRO Dammam–Riyadh Line
Overview
Type	inter-city rail
Status	Operational
Locale	Riyadh Region and Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
Termini	Dammam Riyadh
Stations	4
Services	Dammam, Abqaiq, Hofuf and Riyadh
Website	http://www.saudirailways.org/
Operation
Opened	1981
Owner	Saudi Railways Organization (SRO)
Operator(s)	Saudi Railways Organization (SRO)
Character	SRO
Rolling stock	4 trainsets of CAF Push-pull train
Technical
Line length	449 kilometres (279.0 mi)
Track length	1,380 kilometres (857.5 mi)
No. of tracks	2
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Operating speed	up to 200 km/h
Route map

File:Damamriyadrail.jpg

A train running in Dammam–Riyadh Line

The Dammam–Riyadh Line, also called Line 1, connects the cities of Dammam, Abqaiq, Hofuf and Riyadh (449.11 km) and is used by passenger trains by Saudi Railways Organization. It is a very picturesque route, that takes passengers through the desert dunes, connecting the central region to the Persian Gulf. The total journey takes about 4.5 hours and during that time, TV and snacks are offered on board.

Construction

Planning for the original line started in 1947 with an agreement between King Ibn Saud and ARAMCO to lay a 340-mile (about 550 km) line. Bechtel Construction Company was chosen to build the rail line and the sea terminal at the eastern end of the rail line at Dammam. Veteran American railroad engineer James H. Gildea was hired to oversee the project. The most serious obstacle to building the rail line was the Persian Gulf shallows at Dammam. To allow deep draft vessels to unload, a rail causeway of approximately seven miles was built out into the Persian Gulf with the first five miles a rock causeway and the last couple of miles a section made of a steel trestle. One of the first vessels to unload was in 1950, a Dutch freighter with a load of rails for construction of the rail line. The first trains started moving between Dammam and Riyadh in the early 1950s.

Upgrade

There is an upgrade ongoing, where bridges replace level crossings and a bypass of the centre city of Hofuf. This shall allow 200 km/h speed.

Stations

There are four stations along the route:

• Dammam Railway Station (location: 0.000), terminus.
• Abqaiq Railway Station (location: 74.000)
• Hofuf Railway Station (location: 139.257)
• Riyadh Railway Station (location: 449.086), terminus.

The current passenger stations at Dammam, Hufuf and Riyadh were designed by Lucio Barbera and designed and built between 1978 and 1980. They were opened for public service in 1981. The terminus stations in Dammam and Riyadh are extremely similar and consist of a rectangular hall of three naves separated by two lines of pillars along the ends of the tracks and two wings at the ends of the main hall along the outer tracks. The design is based on the layout of some mosques along the Mediterranean Sea, where the prayer hall is located at one side of a court with lesser wings along the sides of the court. The style and decoration of the buildings uses elements such as triangular openings to construct windows and arcades and parapets with rectangular steps. This somewhat reminds of Nejd architecture but is also common in other Arab architecture. The station building in Hufuf lies to the east of the through line along one side. The decoration is very similar to the other two stations though.

Technology

Rail

Rails of the type C.W.R UIC 60 are used.

Signaling system

In 2007, the Saudi Railways Organization (SRO) contracted a consortium made up of Siemens Transportation Systems and the Saudi Arabian Nour Communications Company to modernize both Line 1 and Line 2 of the existing Saudi Rail network. The line will be equipped with signalling technology including an electronic interlocking as core of the installation and Trainguard 100 for ETCS Level 1. GSM-Railway (GSM-R) mobile radio technology will be used for communications on the entire rail network.