EMD SD50

EMD SD50

Type and origin Power type Diesel-electric Builder GM Electro-Motive Division (EMD) General Motors Diesel (GMD) Clyde Engineering Build date December 1980 – July 1987 Total produced 427

Specifications Gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge Length 71 ft 2 in (21.69 m) over the coupler pulling faces Prime mover EMD 16-645F3B Engine type V16 diesel Alternator main : AR11 Cylinders 16

Performance figures Power output at 950 rpm; increased to November 1984.

Career Operators See Original buyers and Current owners Disposition Many in service, many sold to regionals, dealers, or leasing companies as of 2008

The EMD SD50 is a diesel-electric locomotive built by General Motors Electro-Motive Division. It was introduced in May 1981 as part of EMD's "50 Series", but prototype SD50S locomotives were built from 1980; production ceased in January 1986. The SD50 was in many respects a transitional model between EMD's Dash 2 series which was produced throughout the 1970s and the microprocessor-equipped SD60 and SD70 locomotives.

History

File:NS Loco No.5443.jpg

Norfolk Southern Loco No.5443 (EX-CR 6776 SD50).

The SD50 was produced in response to increasingly tough competition from GE Transportation Systems, whose Dash 7 line was proving quite successful with railroads. While EMD's SD40-2 was a reliable and trusted product, GE's line included locomotives up to with more modern technology, as well as very competitive finance and maintenance deals. EMD responded throughout the SD50 program by offering discounts on large orders, this was also a response to the slow U.S. economy in the 1980s which cut locomotive orders.

GM-EMD had previously produced locomotives, the SD45 and later SD45-2, but these used huge, 20-cylinder engines with high fuel consumption, and had reliability problems when first introduced. Demand for the 45 series dropped sharply after the 1970s fuel crises. The SD50 used an updated version of the V16 645 used in the SD40-2, uprated to 3,500 hp (2,600 kW)- and later - at 950 rpm from at 900 rpm. This proved to be a step too far; the 50 series models were plagued by engine and electrical system problems which harmed both sales and the reputation of EMD.

The subsequent SD60 model replaced the overstressed 950 rpm 645F engine with a new engine series, the 900 rpm 710G.

The SD50's long hood saw changes from previous EMD models. The overall frame length was increased, and the long hood was made substantially longer. The resistors for the dynamic brake grid were moved from their previous location above the prime mover to a new, cooler location in front of the engine compartment air intakes, where they were more effectively separated from the rest of the locomotives' systems, and also closer to the locomotive's electrical switchgear, thereby simplifying the prime mover maintenance procedures, and the electrical system as well.

Technical

The SD50 is powered by V16 16-645F3 series diesel engine driving either an EMD AR11A-D14 or an EMD AR16A-D18 traction alternator. The power generated by the traction alternator drove 6 EMD D87 traction motors rated at 1170 amps each.

Depending on customer options, the SD50 was available with a multitude of traction-motor gearing ratio and wheel size options, the most common of which being the 70:17 ratio with 40-inch (1,016 mm) wheels, this allowed for a top speed of 70 mph (110 km/h). Other gearing options for the SD50 with 40-inch (1,016 mm) wheels include 69:18 for 76 mph (122 km/h), 67:19 for 82 mph (132 km/h) and 66:20 for 88 mph (142 km/h). 42-inch (1,067 mm) wheels were also available. Customers of the SD50 also had the option of either HT-C trucks (identified with a hydraulic shock on the side of the middle axle of each truck) or the earlier Flexicoil trucks, which only Conrail opted for. Some investigators implicated the HT-C truck in derailments in Amtrak's SDP40F locomotive fleet and Conrail chose to order SD40-2s and their first order of SD50s with the earlier Flexicoil C truck. The controversy surrounding the HT-C truck was eventually disproved, and Conrail's second order of SD50s as well as their SD60 variants were all HT-C equipped.

The SD50 could be equipped with fuel tanks sizes from up to , had a lube oil capacity of and a cooling water capacity of .

SD50S

The SD50S ("short frame") were prototype units built in December 1980. They were shorter than production locomotives by approximately 2 feet (0.61 m). All of these prototypes were sold to the Norfolk & Western and passed to the Norfolk Southern; they were withdrawn in the early 2000s as non-standard. Two were rebuilt in 2008 as "SD40E" models by Norfolk Southern's Juniata Shops, along with several standard length SD50's.

The designation also applies to five locomotives built by EMD Australian licensee Clyde Engineering, Adelaide for Hamersley Iron. These were shorter than production SD50s, and were equipped with a special double cab roof for insulation against the hot Australian desert sun in the Pilbara region. Withdrawn in November 1995, they were sold to National Railway Equipment Company and exported to the U.S. in February 1999 and used in national lease service. They were subsequently sold to the Utah Railway in June 2001, where they remain.

SD50F

CN #5411 is an SD50F

The SD50F was a Canadian cowl unit version equipped with a "Draper taper" (inset section aft of cab for limited rear visibility). 60 were built for the Canadian National Railway as road numbers 5400-5459. Early engine problems resulted in a temporary down-rating to 3,300 horsepower (2,500 kW). Eventually the units were re-rated to 3,500 horsepower (2,600 kW); however, like their U.S. cousins, they continued to suffer from relatively low reliability, frequently suffering engine, power assembly, and crankshaft failures.

Original buyers

Owner	Quantity	Numbers	Notes
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad	20	8576-8595	to CSX Transportation, most have been rebuilt into SD50-2's. 14 rebuilt into SD50-3's.
Canadian National Railway	60	5400-5459	SD50F, Cowl units for CN only, retired, sold or scrapped. In 2008, CN retired the last of its SD50Fs, with most going to scrap or locomotive dealers. Dakota, Missouri Valley & Western picked up five of the units, with one now being used as a parts source. Two other units, 5404 and 5438, went via the shortline to Montana Limestone Co. at Warren, Mont.
Chicago and North Western Railway	35	7000-7034	to Union Pacific, retired. All were 3,600 hp.
Chesapeake and Ohio Railway	43	8553-8575, 8624-8643	to CSX Transportation, most have been rebuilt into SD50-2's. 14 rebuilt into SD50-3's. 8624-8643 were 3,600 hp.
Conrail	135	6700-6834	to CSX Transportation, Norfolk Southern Railway and Kansas City Southern, CSX-inherited units have been rebuilt into SD50-2's. 1 rebuilt to SD50-3 specs. Norfolk Southern inherited units have been rebuilt to SD40E's. 6780-6834 were 3,600 hp.
Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad	17	5501-5517	to Southern Pacific, to Union Pacific, retired
Kansas City Southern Railway	10	704-713
Missouri Pacific Railroad	60	5000-5059	to Union Pacific, retired. All were 3,600 hp.
Norfolk and Western Railway	6	6500-6505	SD50S short frame to Norfolk Southern Railway, 6500-6501, 6503, 6505, scrapped. 6502, 6504 rebuilt into SD40E's.
Seaboard System Railroad	81	8500-8552, 8596-8623	to CSX Transportation, most have been rebuilt into SD50-2's. 14 rebuilt into SD50-3's. 8603-8623 were 3,600 hp.
Southern Railway	20	6506-6525	to Norfolk Southern Railway
Hamersley Iron	5	6060-6064	leased 1999 to Norfolk Southern Railroad, sold 2001 to Utah Railway

Current owners

As of 2008, current owners and operators include:

• CN: All CN SD50Fs were retired by the end of October 2008.
• CSXT: inherited SD50s from the B&O, C&O, Conrail (split with NS), and Seaboard System; 25 ex-CR units assigned to MofW service, with 8 remaining in regular service; all units except for 8507, 8514, 8520, 8522, 8525, 8526, 8532, 8540, 8550-8552, 8566, 8568, 8586, 8596, 8624, 8629, 8635, and 8641 have been de-rated to 3,000 hp (2,200 kW) and re-designated as SD50-2s; the remaining ones will be "dash-twoed" in the future. 8502, 8523, 8526, 8536, 8540, 8568, 8582, 8604, 8609, 8612, 8613, 8614, 8619, & 8662 have been rebuilt into SD50-3's.
• Dakota, Missouri Valley and Western Railroad acquired CN 5404 [1] which was located at the Rosser Street Shops in Bismarck, ND on 31 May 2009
• Helm Financial: lease operator owning ex-UP (née CNW) SD50s; 6 ex-CN SD50Fs have recently been acquired.
• Hudson Bay Railway, which is owned by OmniTRAX: 10 ex-UP (née-MP) SD50s
• Kansas City Southern: 9 SD50s it originally purchased and 25 ex-NS (née-CR) & CSXT (née-CR) SD50s.
• National Railway Equipment: operates 44 ex-NS & CSXT (née-Conrail) SD50s.
• Norfolk Southern: Retains 4 of 26 SD50s it purchased and 46 ex-Conrail units. Several former SD50s have been rebuilt into SD40Es. 4 of the 6 SD50Ss have been retired, but 2 have been rebuilt into SD40Es.
• Reading, Blue Mountain & Northern: 6 units purchased from UP.
• Southwestern Railroad: 2 ex-UP (née-DRGW) SD50s
• Union Pacific: inherited 60 SD50s from Missouri Pacific, 35 from Chicago & North Western, and 17 from DRGW via Southern Pacific. Some are still in service but are rarely used for mainline use.
• Utah Railway: 5 ex Hamersley Iron SD50Ss
• Watco Companies: 18 ex-UP (née-CNW) and 2 ex-NS (née-Conrail) SD50s

Rebuilds

A number of SD50s have been rebuilt into the equivalent of SD40-2s. The Dash 2 features are already contained within the SD50. The units are re-rated from 3,500 hp (2,600 kW) at 950 rpm to 3,000 hp (2,200 kW) at 900 rpm. This is actually a quite simple change to the locomotive's Woodward PGE engine governor.

See also

• List of GM-EMD locomotives
• List of GMD Locomotives

External links

• Lytle, Stan. EMD SD50 list. Retrieved 16 February 2005.
• TrainWeb.com. The Unofficial EMD homepage. Retrieved 7 January 2005. Contains fairly complete builders' records for EMD production.