Nikel
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| Nikel (English) Никель (Russian) |
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 View of Nikel (2011) |
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.svg) Location of Murmansk Oblast in Russia |
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 Nikel
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| Administrative status (as of 2011) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Murmansk Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Pechengsky District[1] |
| Administrative center of | Pechengsky District[1] |
| Municipal status (as of November 2009) | |
| Municipal district | Pechengsky Municipal District[2] |
| Urban settlement | Nikel Urban Settlement[2] |
| Administrative center of | Nikel Urban Settlement[2] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 12,756 inhabitants[3] |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00)[4] |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 81554[citation needed] |
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| [[:commons:Category:{{#property:Commons category}}|Nikel]] on Wikimedia Commons | |
Nikel (Russian: Ни́кель, lit. nickel; Finnish: Kolosjoki) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) and the administrative center of Pechengsky District of Murmansk Oblast, Russia,[1] located on the shores of Lake Kuets-Yarvi 196 kilometers (122 mi) northwest of Murmansk and 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) from the Norwegian border on 
. Population: 12,756 (2010 Census);[3] 16,534 (2002 Census);[5] 21,838 (1989 Census);[6] 18,000 (1973).
Contents
History
In the 1920 Treaty of Tartu, Soviet Russia ceded the area of Petsamo to Finland.[7] In the 1930s huge reserves of nickel were found on fells nearby. The amount was estimated to be five million tons. In 1934, the Finnish Government awarded the mining right to the British Mond Nickel Co, subsidiary of International Nickel Co (Inco), that founded the Petsamon Nikkeli Oy mining company. The company began building a railway, as well as other infrastructure, between the town, then known as Kolosjoki, and Liinahamari harbor.
In the Winter War of 1939–1940, the Soviet Union occupied Petsamo. In the following peace agreement only the Finnish part of the Rybachy Peninsula was ceded to the Soviet Union, although the Soviets had occupied all of Petsamo during the war. In summer 1940, the Finnish government took over the mines from the British company. The first mining operations began in the same year. During World War II, the ore was mainly sold to Germany. The hydro power plant in Jäniskoski started operations in 1942, making it possible to smelt the ore locally. In 1944, the Red Army occupied Petsamo, and Finland had to cede it to the Soviet Union as part of the Moscow Armistice signed on September 19, 1944.[7] Retreating German forces destroyed the power plant and partially the smelter. On July 21, 1945, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union decreed to establish Pechengsky District with the administrative center in Nikel on the ceded territory and to include this district as a part of Murmansk Oblast.[7]
Ecology
The settlement is linked to the Norilsk Nickel plant. The nickel smelter which has been an eyesore in Norway–Russia relations for decades.
Recent events
The video of English alternative rock band White Lies, "Farewell to the Fairground" was filmed there in early 2009.
Sister cities
References
Notes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 47 215», в ред. изменения №259/2014 от 12 декабря 2014 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division . Code 47 215, as amended by the Amendment #259/2014 of December 12, 2014. ).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Law #539-01-ZMO
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №248-ФЗ от 21 июля 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #248-FZ of July 21, 2014 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Administrative-Territorial Division of Murmansk Oblast, p. 54
- ↑ The model of twin cities Barents Institute Reprint (2008) no. 2
Sources
- Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
External links
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Wikivoyage has a travel guide for [[Wikivoyage:Nikel#Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 863: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|Nikel]]. |
- Official website of Nikel (Russian)
