Philippine presidential inauguration

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Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo taking the oath of office in Cebu City, 30 June 2004.

The inauguration of the President of the Philippines marks the beginning of a new term of the President of the Philippines.

Inauguration Rites

File:Manuel L Quezon Malacañang stairs.jpg
Manuel L. Quezon climbs up the Malacañang Palace stairs for the first time as the President of the Philippines in 1935.

The ceremony since 1992 traditionally begins with the President-Elect fetching the incumbent in Malacañan Palace on the morning of 30 June. At the Palace's State Entrance, the President-Elect will wait for the incumbent to descend the Grand Staircase. Upon meeting at the foot of the staircase, the President-Elect would greet the incumbent.

Both travel to the Quirino Grandstand aboard any of the Presidential cars. Following protocol, the outgoing President takes the back right-hand seat of the vehicle, while the President-Elect is seated behind the chauffeur. At the Grandstand's parade grounds, the outgoing President will be welcomed with arrival honours, and then shake hands with the President-Elect. The outgoing President conducts a final troop review and is presented to the public before departing the Grandstand aboard their own private vehicle. Only Corazón Aquino broke with the custom of leaving the Grandstand immediately, choosing instead to stay until the end of Fidel Ramos's inaugural speech.

The inauguration proper then begins with the singing of the National Anthem. An ecumenical Invocation follows, led by leaders of the different major religions of the Philippines, followed by a patriotic musical piece by a musical ensemble. Since the Third Republic, the Vice-President-Elect is sworn in before the President-Elect to immediately secure the line of succession. During his inauguration, President Manuel L. Quezon took the Oath of Office first to mark a "new start".[1]

As mandated by the Constitution, the President-Elect then takes the Oath of Office at exactly 12:00 PST (GMT+8); in 2010, President-Elect Aquino did not await noon, instead taking his Oath moments after Vice-President-Elect Binay finished doing so. The Oath is customarily administered by the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, but that is not required.[2] Due to political differences, Benigno Aquino III instead had then-Associate Justice Conchita Carpio-Morales administer the Oath instead of then-Chief Justice Renato Corona. A 21-gun salute is then immediately fired, followed by four ruffles and flourishes and the Presidential Anthem, We Say Mabuhay, is played in honour of the new President.

The new President then delivers an Inaugural Address. Previous inaugurations also saw a full military and civil parade in the same manner as the Independence Day celebrations on 12 June (similar to the US Inaugural Parades) right after the address. From the late 1940s to the late 1960s, similar parades were also held on Rizal Day on 30 December as well and to ring in the New Year's celebrations that would start the day after.

The new President then returns to Malacañan Palace to formally take possession of the residence.[3] This formal entry is symbolised by the President ascending the Grand Staircase and proceeding to the Ceremonial Hall. Juan Luna's painting, The Blood Compact, is currently displayed at the top of the Staircase. The President then inducts the new Cabinet on the same day, and holds its first meeting immediately after.

In the evening, an Inaugural Reception is held for other officials and foreign dignitaries who wish to call on the new President. The customary banquets of either a vin d'honneur or an Inaugural Ball were abolished, in an effort to revert to the pre-Martial Law practise of simpler official receptions. The last Inaugural Ball was held in 1981 for Ferdinand Marcos' third inauguration, which was also the last time the Rigodon de Honor (a Hispanic dance analogous to a court dance) was performed; it was again danced on Independence Day of 2009. The President concludes the ceremonies with a toast, as a gesture of amity towards states that maintain diplomatic ties with the Philippines.[4]

Date

The new President is to be inaugurated at noon of 30 June as currently mandated by the 1987 Constitution, but past ceremonies were held on different dates.[5] The first President, Emilio Aguinaldo, was inaugurated on 23 January 1899, while Presidents under the 1935 Constitution were inaugurated at noon of Rizal Day (30 December). Only two Presidents under the 1935 Constitution was not inaugurated on 30 December, namely, Sergio Osmeña and Manuel Roxas. Ferdinand Marcos changed the inauguration date to the present 30 June, while his successors Corazón Aquino and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo were inaugurated on 25 February 1986 and 20 January 2001, respectively, Aquino after the EDSA Revolution and Arroyo after the EDSA II.


Location

Quirino Grandstand is where most inaugurations take place.

Seven inaugurations have been held at the Quirino Grandstand in the Luneta, namely, Quirino (1949), Magsaysay (1953), Garcia (1957), Macapagal (1961), Marcos (1965, 1969, 1981), Ramos (1992) and Aquino III (2010).[6] Presidents Estrada and Arroyo only delivered their inaugural addresses there. To date, Estrada and Arroyo were the only presidents to take the oath of office and inaugural addresses in two different locations.

Other presidents, namely Aguinaldo and Estrada, were inaugurated at the Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan; Quezon, Laurel and Roxas were inaugurated in front of the Legislative Building; and Aquino in Club Filipino, Greenhills, San Juan, Metro Manila.[7] Marcos was inaugurated in Maharlika Hall, Malacañan Palace in 1986. Arroyo took her first oath as president at the EDSA Shrine in Quezon City. Osmeña, who assumed the presidency upon the death of his predecessor Manuel L. Quezon, took his oath of office in Washington D.C. Quirino and Garcia took the oath of office in the Malacañan Palace.

Attendees

In addition to the general public the following are the attendants of the Inauguration:

If a civil-military parade follows the speech the format is the same as in the Independence Day parades, with the AFP first, with the units of the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection and the Philippine Coast Guard following them and later by civilian marchers representing the government, private sector, youth uniformed organizations and the representatives of the nation's various ethnic nationalities.

Ceremonial

Oath of Office

Under Article VII, Section 5 of the 1987 Constitution, before the President-Elect and Vice-President-Elect enters into the execution of their offices, the President shall take the following oath or affirmation:

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I,_______________, do solemnly swear [or affirm]before the people that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my duties as President [or Vice-President or Acting President] of the Philippines, preserve and defend its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to the service of the Nation. So help me God.

[In case of affirmation, last sentence will be omitted]

The oath from the Filipino version of the Constitution was used for the inaugurations of Presidents Fidel V. Ramos, Joseph Estrada and Benigno Aquino III:

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Ako si_______________, ay taimtim kong pinanunumpaan (o pinatotohanan) na tutuparin ko nang buong katapatan at sigasig ang aking mga tungkulin bilang Pangulo (o Pangalawang Pangulo o Nanunungkulang Pangulo) ng Pilipinas, pangangalagaan at ipagtatanggol ang kanyang Konstitusyon, ipatutupad ang mga batas nito, magiging makatarungan sa bawat tao, at itatalaga ang aking sarili sa paglilingkod sa Bansa. Kasihan nawa ako ng Diyos. (Kapag pagpapatotoo, ang huling pangungusap ay kakaltasin.)[8]

Inaugural Address

Every president since Emilio Aguinaldo delivered an inaugural address. Presidents, who became president upon the death of their predecessor, also delivered an address. It is usually delivered after the new president took the oath of office. However, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo delivered the inaugural address first at the Quirino Grandstand and then took the oath of office in Cebu.[9]

Gallery

  • Inauguration of President Manuel Quezon, 1935.

  • Jose P Laurel inauguration.jpg

    Inauguration of President Jose P. Laurel, 1943.

  • Inauguration of President Manuel Roxas, 1946.

  • Inauguration of President Elpidio Quirino, 1948.

  • Ramon Magsaysay inauguration.jpg

    Inauguration of President Ramon Magsaysay, 1953.

  • First Inauguration of President Carlos P. García, 1957.

  • Carlos P Garcia second inauguration, 1957.jpg

    Second Inauguration of President Carlos P. García, 1957.

  • Diosdado Macapagal inauguration.jpg

    Inauguration of President Diosdado Macapagal, 1961.

  • Inauguration of President Corazon Aquino, 1986.

  • Inauguration of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, 2004.

  • Inauguration of President Benigno Aquino III, 2010.

List

Date President Location Administered by
March 22, 1897 Emilio Aguinaldo Sta. Cruz de Malabon, Cavite unknown (Possibly Fr.Villa Franca)
January 23, 1899 Emilio Aguinaldo Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan Apolinario Mabini
November 15, 1935 Manuel L. Quezon Legislative Building, Manila Ramon Avanceña
December 30, 1941 Manuel L. Quezon Malinta Tunnel, Corregidor Island, Cavite City José Abad Santos
November 15, 1943 Manuel L. Quezon Washington, D.C., United States Felix Frankfurter
August 1, 1944 Sergio Osmeña Washington, D.C., United States Robert H. Jackson
October 14, 1943 José P. Laurel Legislative Building, Manila José Yulo
May 28, 1946[10] Manuel Roxas Legislative Building, Manila Manuel Moran
July 4, 1946[11] Manuel Roxas Independence Grandstand (now Quirino Grandstand), Manila Manuel Moran
April 17, 1948[12] Elpidio Quirino Council of State Room, Executive Building, Malacañan Palace Manuel Moran
December 30, 1949[13] Elpidio Quirino Independence Grandstand (now Quirino Grandstand), Manila Manuel Moran
December 30, 1953 Ramon Magsaysay Independence Grandstand (now Quirino Grandstand), Manila Ricardo Paras
March 23, 1957[14] Carlos P. Garcia Council of State Room, Executive Building, Malacañan Palace Ricardo Paras
December 30, 1957[15] Carlos P. Garcia Independence Grandstand (now Quirino Grandstand), Manila Ricardo Paras
December 30, 1961 Diosdado Macapagal Quirino Grandstand, Manila César Bengzon
December 30, 1965 Ferdinand E. Marcos Quirino Grandstand, Manila César Bengzon
December 30, 1969 Ferdinand E. Marcos Quirino Grandstand, Manila Roberto Concepcion
June 12, 1978[16] Ferdinand E. Marcos Batasang Pambansa Complex, Quezon City Fred Ruiz Castro
June 30, 1981 Ferdinand E. Marcos Quirino Grandstand, Manila Enrique Fernando
February 25, 1986[17] Ferdinand E. Marcos Maharlika Hall (formerly Executive Office Building, now Kalayaan Hall), Malacañan Palace Ramon Aquino
February 25, 1986[18] Corazon C. Aquino Club Filipino, Greenhills, San Juan, Metro Manila Claudio Teehankee, Sr.
June 30, 1992 Fidel V. Ramos Quirino Grandstand, Manila Andres Narvasa
June 30, 1998 Joseph Ejercito Estrada Barasoain Church, Malolos, Bulacan Andres Narvasa
January 20, 2001[19] Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo EDSA Shrine, Quezon City Hilario Davide, Jr.
June 30, 2004[20] Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo Cebu Provincial Capitol, Cebu City Hilario Davide, Jr.
June 30, 2010 Benigno S. Aquino III Quirino Grandstand, Manila Conchita Carpio-Morales

References

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  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ The Possession of Malacañan Palace, Presidential Museum and Library, June 30, 2012
  4. ↑ [2]
  5. ↑ [3]
  6. ↑ The Protocol, Ceremony, History and Symbolism of the Presidential Inauguration on the Presidential Museum and Library
  7. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ [4]
  10. ↑ The Commonwealth oath of office included a pledge of allegiance to the sovereignty of the United States
  11. ↑ When the independence of the Philippines was recognized on July 4, 1946, Roxas retook his oath of office again, without the pledge of allegiance, as befits the president of a sovereign nation
  12. ↑ Upon the death of Manuel Roxas
  13. ↑ Upon his election in 1949
  14. ↑ Upon the death of Ramon Magsaysay
  15. ↑ Upon his election in 1957
  16. ↑ Confirmed as Prime Minister
  17. ↑ Upon certification of COMELEC
  18. ↑ Upon certification of NAMFREL
  19. ↑ Upon the culmination of EDSA II
  20. ↑ Upon her election in 2004

External links

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