Podoviridae

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Podoviridae
File:Podoviridae.svg
Typical structure of a podovirus
Virus classification
Group:
Group I (dsDNA)
Order:
Caudovirales
Family:
Podoviridae
Subfamilies and Genera

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Podoviridae is a family of viruses in the order Caudovirales. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently 50 species in this family, divided among 20 genera.[1][2] This family is characterized by having very short, noncontractile tails.

Structure

Viruses in Podoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and head-tail geometries. The diameter is around 60 nm,[1] and consists of 72 capsomers. The head protein has a molecular mass of ~38 kiloDaltons and is present in 460 copies per virion. There are 9 structural proteins. The tail is non-contractile and has 6 short subterminal fibers. It is thick and rod-shaped and built of stacked disks. The maximum length is ~17 nm.

The double stranded DNA genome is linear, around 40-42kb in length,[1] and encodes ~55 genes. The guanine + cytosine content is ~50%. It has terminally redundant sequences and is nonpermuted. By weight, the genome constitutes ~50% of the viron. The genome encodes 9 structural proteins, an adenylated transferase B type DNA polymerase and an RNA polymerase. Three internal proteins constitute the polymerase complex. Two classes of genes are recognized (early and late). This classification is based on the timing of transcription that is temporally regulated. Genes with related functions are clustered together. Genome replication is bidirectional.

Genus Structure Symmetry Capsid Genomic Arrangement Genomic Segmentation
Phikmvlikevirus Head-Tail T=7 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Sp6likevirus Head-Tail T=7 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
T7likevirus Head-Tail T=7 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Ahjdlikevirus Head-Tail T=4 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Phi29likevirus Head-Tail T=3, Q=5 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Bcep22likevirus Head-Tail T=7 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Bppunalikevirus Head-Tail T=7 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Epsilon15likevirus Head-Tail T=7 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
F116likevirus Head-Tail T=7 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Luz24likevirus Head-Tail Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
N4likevirus Head-Tail T=9 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
P22likevirus Head-Tail T=7 Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite
Phieco32likevirus Head-Tail Non-Enveloped Linear Monopartite

Life Cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion. [1]

Genus Host Details Tissue Tropism Entry Details Release Details Replication Site Assembly Site Transmission
Phikmvlikevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
Sp6likevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
T7likevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
Ahjdlikevirus Bacteria: gram positive None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
Phi29likevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
Bcep22likevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
Bppunalikevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
Epsilon15likevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
F116likevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
Luz24likevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
N4likevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
P22likevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion
Phieco32likevirus Bacteria None Injection Lysis Cytoplasm Cytoplasm Passive diffusion

Taxonomy

Genera within this family have ~40% homology between corresponding proteins. Subfamiles have ~20% homology between corresponding proteins.

This family is divided into two subfamiles (Autographivirinae and Picovirinae) and a number of genera awaiting classification into subfamilies.[3][4]

Group: dsDNA

[2]

Proposed genera

The following genera have been proposed but are not currently ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses:[4][5][6][7][8][9]

  • Genus 119xlikevirus; type species: Pseudomonas phage 119X
    • Species:
      • Pseudomonas phage 119X
  • Genus Cba40unalikevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi40:1
    • Species:
      • Cellulophaga phage phi40:1
      • Cellulophaga phage phi38:1
  • Genus Cba183likevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi18:3
    • Species:
      • Cellulophaga phage phi18:3
      • Cellulophaga phage phi13:2
      • Cellulophaga phage phi19:3
      • Cellulophaga phage phi46:3
  • Genus Cba142likevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi14:2
    • Species:
      • Cellulophaga phage phi14:2
  • Genus Cba4unalikevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi4:1
    • Species:
      • Cellulophaga phage phi4:1
      • Cellulophaga phage phi17:2
  • Genus Cpvunalikevirus; type species: Clostridium phage CpV1
    • Species:
      • Clostridium phage CpV1
  • Genus Gap227likevirus; type species: Cronobacter phage vB CsaP GAP227
    • Species:
      • Cronobacter phage vB CsaP GAP227
      • Yersinia phage phiR8-01
      • Yersinia phage phi80-18
      • Aeromonas phage phiAS7
  • Genus P60likevirus (synonyms = Marine Picocyanobacteria Podovirus subgroup or MPP subgroup); type species: Synechococcus phage P60
    • Species:
      • Synechococcus phage P60
  • Genus pelagiphages (informal); type species: Pelagibacter phage HTVC010P
    • Species:
      • Pelagibacter phage HTVC010P MAR122
      • Pelagibacter phage HTVC010P MAR123
      • Pelagibacter phage HTVC010P MAR124
  • Genus Vp2likevirus; type species: Vibrio phage VP2
    • Species:
      • Vibrio phage VP2
  • Genus Ys6unalikevirus; type species: Weissella phage phiYS61
    • Species:
      • Weissella phage phiYS61

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Abbasifar R, Kropinski AM, Sabour PM, Ackermann HW, Alanis Villa A, Abbasifar A, Griffiths MW (2013) The genome of Cronobacter sakazakii bacteriophage vB_CsaP_GAP227 suggests a new genus within the Autographivirinae. Genome Announc 1(1). pii: e00122-12. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00122-12
  6. ↑ Labrie SJ, Frois-Moniz K, Osburne MS, Kelly L, Roggensack SE, Sullivan MB, Gearin G, Zeng Q, Fitzgerald M, Henn MR, Chisholm SW (2012) Genomes of marine cyanopodoviruses reveal multiple origins of diversity. Environ Microbiol doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12053
  7. ↑ Kleppen HP, Holo H, Jeon SR, Nes IF, Yoon SS (2012) A novel bacteriophage of the Podoviridae family infecting Weissella cibaria isolated from kimchi. Appl Environ Microbiol doi:10.1128/AEM.00031-12
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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