Table of keyboard shortcuts

For keyboard shortcuts in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts.

In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a sequence or combination of keystrokes on a computer keyboard which invokes commands in software.

Some keyboard shortcuts require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the other. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously (indicated in the tables below by this sign: +). Keyboard shortcuts may depend on the keyboard layout (localization).

Comparison of keyboard shortcuts

Main article: Keyboard shortcut

Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an essential element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for adaptive technology, the pervasiveness of common conventions enables the comparison of keyboard shortcuts across different systems. The following sections detail some of these comparisons in widely used operating systems.

General shortcuts

A note regarding KDE's shortcuts is that they can be changed and the below list contains the defaults. Some of the combinations are not true for localized versions of operating systems. For example, in a non-English version of Windows, the Edit menu is not always bound to the "E" shortcut. Furthermore, many shortcuts (such as CTRL-Z, ALT-E, etc.) are just common conventions and are not handled by the operating system. Whether such commands are implemented (or not) depends on how an actual application program (such as an editor) is written. Not all applications follow (all of) these conventions.

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs	Vim
File menu	Alt+F, or F10 then F	Ctrl+F2, then F (requires full keyboard access active, using System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls. Alternatively use Ctrl+F7 to toggle this setting.)	Alt+F	Meta+`, then f	Alt+f (gvim) or Ctrl+e (vim + NERDTree)
Edit menu	Alt+E	Ctrl+F2, then E	Alt+E	Meta+`, then e	Alt+e (gvim)
View menu	Alt+V	Ctrl+F2, then V	Alt+V
Undo the last operation	Ctrl+Z, or Alt+← Backspace	⌘ Cmd+Z	Ctrl+Z	Ctrl+x, then u or Ctrl+/ or Ctrl+_ or Undo	u
Redo the last operation	Ctrl+Y, or ⇧ Shift+Alt+← Backspace	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Z	⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Z, or Ctrl+Y	Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be redos.	Ctrl+r
Cut the selection and store it in the clipboard	Ctrl+X, or ⇧ Shift+Del	⌘ Cmd+X	Ctrl+X	Ctrl+w	x or "ax to cut in register "a" or "+x to cut in system clipboard
Copy the selection into the clipboard	Ctrl+C, or Ctrl+Ins	⌘ Cmd+C	Ctrl+C	Meta+w, or Ctrl+Ins	y or "ay or "+y
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor	Ctrl+V, or ⇧ Shift+Ins	⌘ Cmd+V	Ctrl+V	Ctrl+y, or ⇧ Shift+Ins	p or "ap to paste the content of the "a" register or "+p to paste the content of the system clipboard
Paste special	Ctrl+Alt+V	⇧ Shift+⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+V	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+V	Meta+y
Select all in focused control or window	Ctrl+A	⌘ Cmd+A	Ctrl+A	Ctrl+x, then h	ggVG, unlikely ever needed as most command take an optional range parameter. % means "all in focused windows" here so e.g. to copy all the text, use :%y
Cycle through installed keyboard languages / input methods	⇧ Shift+Alt, or ⊞ Win+Space The latter displays a menu with the currently selected input method highlighted, and debuted in Windows 8.	⌘ Cmd+Space (not MBR) Configure desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu.	Ctrl+Alt+K via KDE Keyboard ⇧ Shift+Alt in GNOME	Ctrl+\

Navigation

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE/GNOME
New browser window with same page as current	Ctrl+N (for both explorer.exe and iexplore.exe)		Ctrl+N
New folder	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+N	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N
Applications menu	⊞ Win or Ctrl+Esc	Ctrl+F2, then "n" (requires full keyboard access active, using System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls. Alternatively use Ctrl+F7 to toggle this setting.)	Alt + "n" e.g. for _File_ Alt + F
Lock desktop	⊞ Win+L	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Eject or MBR Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Pwr (If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences — Security & Privacy")	Ctrl+Alt+L
Show desktop	⊞ Win+D or ⊞ Win+M (then use ⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+M to bring back all windows)	F11	Ctrl+Alt+D
Log out user		⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Q	Ctrl+Alt+Delete
Switch active user	⊞ Win+L
Task manager	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Esc, Ctrl+Alt+Delete	Alt+⌘ Cmd+Esc	Ctrl+Esc
Rename object	F2	↵ Enter or F2	F2
Open file or program	↵ Enter or ⇧ Shift+↵ Enter	⌘ Cmd+O or ⌘ Cmd+↓	↵ Enter
Switch window (next/previous)	Alt+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Alt+Tab ↹	⌘ Cmd+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+Tab ↹	Alt+Tab ↹ / Alt+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹
Switch window without dialog (next/previous)	Alt+Esc / ⇧ Shift+Alt+Esc	Only works within single Applications ⌘ Cmd+` / ⌘ Cmd+~	Alt+Esc / ⇧ Shift+Alt+Esc
Run application	⊞ Win, enter executable name or ⊞ Win+R, enter executable name	⌘ Cmd+Space, enter executable name	Alt+F2, enter executable name
Search	⊞ Win, enter executable name or ⊞ Win+F or F3	⌘ Cmd+Space / Alt+F

Power management

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME
Place computer into sleep/standby mode	Sleep (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel → Power Options → Advanced tab dialog box)	⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+Eject	Sleep (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel → Power Options → Advanced tab dialog box)
Shut down computer	Ctrl+Alt+Del	Ctrl+⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+Eject (no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)	Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+PageDown (KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)
Restart computer		Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+Eject (no confirmation, restart is immediate)	Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+PageUp (KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate)
Place display in sleep mode		Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Eject
Bring up power/sleep dialog box	Alt+F4 (while on Desktop only)	Ctrl+Eject

Screenshots

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME
Save screenshot of entire screen as file	⊞ Win+Print Screen or Print Screen	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+3	Print Screen set the name and click "Save". GNOME Shell
Save screenshot of window as file		⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space	Alt+Print Screen set the name and click "Save". GNOME
Copy screenshot of window to clipboard	Alt+Print Screen	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4 then Space	Alt+Print Screen click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME
Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboard		Ctrl+⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4	⇧ Shift+Print Screen click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME
Save screenshot of arbitrary area as file		⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+4	⇧ Shift+Print Screen set the name and click "Save". GNOME
Screencasting			Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Alt+R

Text editing

Many of these commands may be combined with ⇧ Shift to select a region of text.

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs	Vim
Delete char to the right of cursor	Del or Fn+← Backspace	Del, or Ctrl+d, or Fn+← Backspace	Del	Ctrl+d	x
Delete word to the right of cursor	Ctrl+Del	⌥ Opt+Del or ⌥ Opt+ Fn+← Backspace	Ctrl+Del	Meta+d	dw (delete space too) or de (keep space)
Delete word to the left of cursor	Ctrl+← Backspace	⌥ Opt+← Backspace	Ctrl+← Backspace	Ctrl+← Backspace, or Meta+← Backspace	dge (delete space too) or db (keep space)
Go to start of line	Home, or Fn+←	⌘ Cmd+← or Ctrl+A	Home	Ctrl+a, or Home	^ (go to first non-space) or 0 (go to column 0)
Go to end of line	End, or Fn+→	⌘ Cmd+→ or Ctrl+E	End	Ctrl+e, or End	$
Go to start of document	Ctrl+Home	⌘ Cmd+↑	Ctrl+Home	Meta+<, or Ctrl+Home	gg
Go to end of document	Ctrl+End	⌘ Cmd+↓	Ctrl+End	Meta+>, or Ctrl+End	G
Go to previous word	Ctrl+←, or Ctrl+/	⌥ Opt+←	Ctrl+←	Meta+b, or Ctrl+←, or Meta+←	b or ge
Go to next word	Ctrl+→	⌥ Opt+→	Ctrl+→	Meta+f, or Ctrl+→, or Meta+→	w or e
Go to previous line	↑	↑, or Ctrl+p	↑	Ctrl+p, or ↑	k or ↑
Go to next line	↓	↓, or Ctrl+n	↓	Ctrl+n, or ↓	j or ↓
Go to previous line break (paragraph)	Ctrl+↑	⌥ Opt+↑	Ctrl+↑ (kword or GNOME)	Meta+{, or Control+↑	{
Go to next line break	Ctrl+↓	⌥ Opt+↓	Ctrl+↓ (kword or GNOME)	Meta+}, or Control+↓	}
Move the cursor down the length of the viewport	Page Down	⌥ Opt+⇟ or ⌥ Opt+Fn+↓	Page Down	Ctrl+v, or Page Down	Ctrl+f, or Page Down
Move the cursor up the length of the viewport	Page Up	⌥ Opt+⇞ or ⌥ Opt+Fn+↑	Page Up	Meta+v, or Page Up	Ctrl+b, or Page Up
Find	Ctrl+F	⌘ Cmd+F ⌘ Cmd+E (Search with current selection)	Ctrl+F Ctrl+K (GNOME; interactive search)	Ctrl+s	/
Go to next search result	F3	⌘ Cmd+G	Ctrl+G (GNOME) or F3 (KDE)	Ctrl+s	n
Go to previous search result	⇧ Shift+F3	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+G	⇧ Shift+Ctrl+G (GNOME) or ⇧ Shift+F3 (KDE)	Ctrl+r	N
Search and replace	Ctrl+H	⌘ Cmd+F	Ctrl+H (GNOME) or Ctrl+R (KDE)	Meta+%	%s/fosh/fish/gc
Search with a regular expression				Ctrl+Meta+s	All search uses regular expressions.
Search and replace with a regular expression				Ctrl+Meta+%

Text formatting

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs	Vim
Bold	Ctrl+B	⌘ Cmd+B	Ctrl+B	Meta+o, then b
Underline	Ctrl+U	⌘ Cmd+U	Ctrl+U	Meta+o, then u
Italic	Ctrl+I	⌘ Cmd+I	Ctrl+I	Meta+o, then i
Uppercase / Lowercase	⇧ Shift+F3, Ctrl+⇧ Shift+A	⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+C	⇧ Shift+F3	Meta+u for upper, Meta+l for lower, Meta+c for capitalized.	gU for upper, gu for lower, ~ to toggle.
Superscript	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+=	Ctrl+⌘ Cmd++ (some applications only)	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+P
Subscript	Ctrl+=	Ctrl+⌘ Cmd+- (some applications only)	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+B
Make selected text larger/smaller	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+>/Ctrl+⇧ Shift+<, Ctrl+[/Ctrl+]	⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+>/⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+<
Make selected text bulleted or Numbered Items	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+L
Insert Linebreak	⇧ Shift+↵ Enter	Alt+↵ Enter	⇧ Shift+↵ Enter

Browsers / Go menu

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME
Go to Address Bar	Alt+D or Alt+C or F6 depending on language	⌘ Cmd+L or ⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+G	Ctrl+L or Alt+D or F6
Go to the previous location in history	Alt+← or ← Backspace	⌘ Cmd+[ or ⌘ Cmd+←	Alt+←
Go to the next location in history	Alt+→ or ⇧ Shift+← Backspace (web browser only)	⌘ Cmd+] or ⌘ Cmd+→	Alt+→
Go up one level in the navigation hierarchy	Alt+↑ (Vista, 7 or 8 only) or ← Backspace (Windows Explorer)	⌘ Cmd+↑	Alt+↑
Go to the starting page defined by the user or application	Alt+Home	⌘ Cmd+Home	Ctrl+Home (KDE) / Alt+Home (GNOME)

Web browsers

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs-w3m	Vimperator
Bookmarks menu	Ctrl+B	⌘ Cmd+B (Firefox)	Alt+B	v	:bmarks
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com)	Ctrl+↵ Enter	⌘ Cmd+↵ Enter (Firefox) or Control+↵ Enter (Chrome)	Ctrl+↵ Enter
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org)	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+↵ Enter	⇧ Shift+⌘ Cmd+↵ Enter (Firefox)	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+↵ Enter
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net)	⇧ Shift +↵ Enter	⇧ Shift +↵ Enter (Firefox)	⇧ Shift +↵ Enter
Add bookmark for current page	Ctrl+D	⌘ Cmd+D	Ctrl+B / Ctrl+D	a	:bmark
Add bookmark for current link				Meta+a
Manage bookmarks	Ctrl+B	⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+B (Chrome/Safari) or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+B (Firefox)	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R / Ctrl+B
Focus and select Web search bar	Ctrl+E	⌘ Cmd+E (Opera) or ⌘ Cmd+K (Firefox) or ⌥ Opt+⌘ Cmd+F (Safari)	Ctrl+k		t (open in a new tab) or T (open in current tab)
Focus and select address bar	Ctrl+L or F6 or Alt+D	⌘ Cmd+L	Ctrl+L or Alt+D or F6	g s	None (?). Use O to alter URL, use y to copy it.
Refresh a webpage	F5 or Ctrl+R	⌘ Cmd+R	F5 or Ctrl+R	R	r
Refresh a webpage ignoring cache	Ctrl+F5 or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R	⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+R	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F5 or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+R		R
Open a new window	Ctrl+N	⌘ Cmd+N (Chrome)	Ctrl+N		:winopen
Zoom Options (zoom in / zoom out / zoom 100%)	Ctrl++ / Ctrl+- / Ctrl+0	⌘ Cmd++ / ⌘ Cmd+- / ⌘ Cmd+0	Ctrl++ / Ctrl+- / Ctrl+0		zi / zo / zz (text only) or zI / zO / zZ (text and images)

Tab management

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE / GNOME	Emacs-w3m	Vimperator
New tab	Ctrl+T	⌘ Cmd+T	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T or Ctrl+T	Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+t	t
Close tab	Ctrl+W	⌘ Cmd+W	Ctrl+W Mozilla Firefox & Opera & Chrom{e,ium} & Arora & Epiphany & Midori Ctrl+F4 Mozilla Firefox & Opera & Chrom{e,ium} & Arora		d
Close all tabs but the current one		⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+t (Safari)		Ctrl+c, then Meta+w
Go to next tab	Ctrl+Tab ↹	Control+Tab ↹ or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+→ (Safari)	Ctrl+PageDown or Ctrl+Tab ↹ or Ctrl+.	Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+n	gt
Go to previous tab	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹	⇧ Shift+Control+Tab ↹ or ⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+← (Safari)	Ctrl+PageUp or Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ or Ctrl+,	Ctrl+c, then Ctrl+p	gT
Go to tab-n	Ctrl+n (Chrome/Firefox/Internet Explorer)	⌘ Cmd+n (Chrome)	Alt+n (Chrome/Firefox) or Ctrl+n '(Chrome)		First tab: g0 Last tab: g$
Open a previously closed tab	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T	⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+T (Firefox/Opera/Chrome)	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T (Firefox/Opera/Chrome)	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+T (Firefox)	u
Open a previously closed window	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+N (Firefox)

Window management

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE	GNOME	Emacs
Force window mode (Application requires functionality for set action)	Alt+↵ Enter	⌥ Option+Alt+↵ Enter or ⌥ Option+Alt+F or ⌘ Cmd+F or ⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+F
Pop up window menu	Alt+Space		Alt+F3	Alt+Space	Meta+`, then b
Close the focused window	Alt+F4 or Alt+Space then C	⌘ Cmd+W	Alt+F4	Alt+F4	Ctrl+x, then k
Close all windows of current application		⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+W
Restore the focused window to its previous size	Alt+Space then R		Alt+F3 then X	Alt+F5	Ctrl+x, then r, then j, then letter of the window state register.
Move the focused window	Alt+Space then M then Arrow Keys and ↵ Enter(to save location)		Alt+Mouse / Alt+F3 then M then Arrow Keys	Alt+Mouse / Alt+F7 then Arrow Keys
Resize the focused window	Alt+Space then S then Arrow Keys		Alt+F3 then S then Arrow Keys	Alt+F8 then Arrow Keys	Ctrl+x, then ^ vertically
Hide the focused window		⌘ Cmd+H			Meta+x, then bury-buffer, then ↵ Enter
Hide all except the focused window		⌘ Cmd+⌥ Option+H
Lower the focused window	Alt+Esc
Minimize the focused window	Alt+Space then N, or ⊞ Win+↓ (Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows >=7)	⌘ Cmd+M	Alt+F3 then N	Alt+F9	Meta+x, then bury-buffer, then ↵ Enter
Maximize the focused window	Alt+Space then X, or ⊞ Win+↑ (Windows 7 and Windows 8)	⌘ Cmd+L	Alt+F3 then X	Alt+F10	Ctrl+x, then 1
Maximize horizontally			Available, but no default	Available, but no default
Maximize vertically	⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+↑ (Windows 7 and Windows 8)	Available ('Zoom'), but no default	Available, but no default	Available, but no default
Minimize all	⊞ Win+M or ⊞ Win+D	⌘ Cmd+Alt+M	Available, but no default	Ctrl+Alt+D
Minimize all non focused windows	⊞ Win+Home (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)		Available, but no default
Undo minimize all	⇧ Shift+⊞ Win+M		Available, but no default	Ctrl+Alt+D
Switch fullscreen/normal size	F11	⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+F	F11	F11
Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbar		Depends on application, system default: ⌘ Cmd+CTRL+F	Ctrl+⇧ Shift+F	Ctrl+F11
Rollup/down window			Available, but no default	Alt+F12
Show all open windows	⊞ Win+Tab ↹ (Windows 7)	F9 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner		⊞ Win works per desktop on Gnome 3+	Ctrl+x, then Ctrl+b
Show all windows of current application		F3 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner		Ctrl+`	Ctrl+x, then Ctrl+b
Show all workspaces	⊞ Win+Tab ↹ (only Windows 10)	F8 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner		⊞ Win then mouse over the desktop bar on the right edge of the screen
Move window to left/right/up/down workspace	⊞ Win+←/→ (Windows 7 and Windows 8)		Available, but no default	Ctrl+Alt+⇧ Shift+ ← / → / ↑ / ↓
Move window between multiple monitors	⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+←/→ (Windows 7 and Windows 8)
Move window to workspace n			Available, but no default
Switch to next/previous workspace list			Available, but no default
Go to workspace n		Ctrl+n	Ctrl+Fn
Go to left/right/up/down workspace		Ctrl+← / Ctrl+→ / Ctrl+↑ / Ctrl+↓ (OS X 10.5 to 10.6), Ctrl+← / Ctrl+→ (OS X 10.7)	Available, but no default	Ctrl+Alt+← / → / ↑ / ↓
Quit application of current window	Alt+F4 or Ctrl+F4 varies	⌘ Cmd+Q	Ctrl+Alt+Esc		q
Close dialog	Esc	Esc
Open/Focus (preview) pinned program on the taskbar	⊞ Win+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)
Open new program window of pinned program in Quick Launch	⊞ Win+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch toolbar (Windows Vista, 7 and 8.1)
Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is already opened)	⊞ Win+⇧ Shift+(#) where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)
Focus the first taskbar entry. Pressing again will cycle through them	⊞ Win+T, you can ←→ back and forth. Hold ⇧ Shift to cycle backwards (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)
Peek at the desktop	⊞ Win+Space (Windows 7 only)	F11 or Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner
Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgets	⊞ Win+G (Windows Vista,7) or ⊞ Win+Space (Vista only, no cycling)
External display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc.)	⊞ Win+P (Windows 7 and Windows 8)

User interface navigation (widgets and controls)

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE	GNOME
Moves keyboard focus to next/previous control	Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹	With full keyboard access active (System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls) Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹	Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹	Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ Ctrl+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Tab ↹
Pop up tooltip for currently focused control	⇧ Shift+F1			Ctrl+F1
Show context-sensitive help for currently focused window or control	⇧ Shift+F1	⌘ Cmd+?	⇧ Shift+F1	⇧ Shift+F1
Give focus to next/previous pane	Ctrl+F6 / Alt+F6	⌘ Cmd+`		F6 / ⇧ Shift+F6
Give focus to splitter bar in paned window				F8
Give focus to window's menu bar	F10 or Alt	⌘ Cmd+⇧ Shift+/, then type command name, or Ctrl+F2 (or Fn+Ctrl+F2 on some keyboards - requires full keyboard access active using System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls))	Alt	F10
Pop up contextual menu for currently selected objects (aka context menu)	⇧ Shift+F10 or ≣ Menu	Varies with laptop / extended keyboard type; enable Mouse keys in Universal Access, then Function+Ctrl+5 or Ctrl+5 (numeric keypad) or Function+Ctrl+i (laptop)	≣ Menu	≣ Menu or ⇧ Shift+F10
Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle button	Space	Space	Space	Space
Activate focused button, menu item etc.	↵ Enter	Space (also ↵ Enter for menu items)	↵ Enter	↵ Enter
Select/move to first/last item in selected widget			Home / End	Home / End
Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/right		⇞ / ⇟ (or Fn+↑+Fn+↓ on some keyboards)		PageUp / Ctrl+PageUp / PageDown / Ctrl+PageDown
Scroll selected view to top/bottom		↖ or on MacBook Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↖ ↘ or on MacBook Pro Fn + ⌥ Opt + ↘
Switch focus to the next/previous tab within a window	Ctrl+Tab ↹	Ctrl+Tab ↹ / ⌘ Cmd+`		Ctrl+Tab ↹ -> Ctrl+⇧ Shift+Tab ↹ <-
Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktop				Ctrl+Alt+Tab ↹ / ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Tab ↹
Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog)				Ctrl+Alt+Esc / ⇧ Shift+Ctrl+Alt+Esc

Command line shortcuts

Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.

Action	Microsoft Windows (cmd.exe)	Microsoft Windows (Windows PowerShell)	Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (bash)	Unix/Linux/Mac OS X (POSIX shell)
Scroll through History of typed commands	↑/↓	↑/↓	↑/↓ or Ctrl+P/Ctrl+N	ESC K / ESC J
Signal end-of-file	Ctrl+Z		Ctrl+D
Abort current command/typing	Ctrl+C	Ctrl+C	Ctrl+C	Ctrl+C
Erase word to the left	Ctrl+← Backspace		Ctrl+W or Esc+← Backspace
Erase word to the right	Ctrl+Delete		Alt+D
Erase line to the left	Ctrl+Home	Ctrl+Home	Ctrl+U
Erase line to the right	Ctrl+End	Ctrl+End	Ctrl+K
Yank/paste previously erased string			Ctrl+Y
Move one word to the left (backward)	Ctrl+←	Alt+←	Alt+B
Move one word to the right (forward)	Ctrl+→	Alt+→	Alt+F
Move to beginning of line	Home	Home	Ctrl+A or Home
Move to end of line	End	End	Ctrl+E or End
Reverse search of history	F8	F8	Ctrl+R
Stop execution of the current job			Ctrl+Z
Insert the next character typed verbatim			Ctrl+V
Autocomplete command/file name	Tab ↹ (enabled by default in Windows XP and later)	Tab ↹	Tab ↹ (usually once)	Esc (usually twice)
Paste contents of clipboard at cursor	Alt+Space then E then P		⇧ Shift+Ins
Scroll window up	⇧ Shift+PageUp (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)		⇧ Shift+PageUp
Scroll window down	⇧ Shift+PageDown (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)		⇧ Shift+PageDown
Clear screen			Ctrl+L

Accessibility

• In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel.
• In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible if Universal Access is enabled.

Action	Windows	Mac OS	KDE	GNOME
Utility Manager	⊞ Win+U
Use keyboard to control cursor	(Left Alt+Left Shift+Numlock
Allow user to press shortcuts one key at a time	(⇧ Shift 5 times)			***(⇧ Shift 5 times)
Hear beep when -lock key pressed	(Numlock for 5 seconds)
Stop/slow repeating characters when key is pressed	(Right Shift for 8 seconds)			***(⇧ Shift for 8 seconds)
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode	Left Alt+Left Shift+PrtScn	⌘ Cmd+⌥ Opt+Ctrl+8	Meta+⇧ Shift+i (if enabled)
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode (Only current window)			Meta+⇧ Shift+u (if enabled)

See also

• Keyboard shortcut
• Microsoft Windows key shortcuts
• Common User Access (CUA)
• Computer keyboard
• Human interface guidelines
• Pointing device gesture

External links

• General
  • Firefox browser keyboard shortcuts
• Mac OS X
  • Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts
  • Mac Keyboard Shortcuts
  • Contacts Keyboard Shortcuts
  • Mail (Mountain Lion) Keyboard Shortcuts
  • Messages (Yosemite) Keyboard Shortcuts
• General Windows Applications
  • Microsoft Support, Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows
  • Windows Keyboard Shortcuts
• Linux/G.N.U.
  • GNOME
    • Useful keyboard shortcuts
    • Keyboard Navigation
    • Set Keyboard Shortcuts
    • Universal Access
    • Usage
    • Keyboard Interaction
    • http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/unstable/* for the latest documentation of unstable
  • KDE
    • KDE keyboard shorcuts
  • Office Suites
    • OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice
      • OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice Keyboard Shortcuts
  • Web Browsers
    • Mozilla Firefox for Linux
      • Keyboard Shortcuts
    • Google Chrom{e,ium}
      • Linux Keyboard Shortcuts
    • Opera
      • Keyboard Shortcuts
    • Web (previously Epiphany) official web browser for GNOME
      • Shortcuts