Toda lattice
The Toda lattice, introduced by Morikazu Toda (1967), is a simple model for a one-dimensional crystal in solid state physics. It is given by a chain of particles with nearest neighbor interaction described by the equations of motion
where is the displacement of the
-th particle from its equilibrium position, and
is its momentum (mass
).
The Toda lattice is a prototypical example of a completely integrable system with soliton solutions. To see this one uses Flaschka's variables
such that the Toda lattice reads
Then one can verify that the Toda lattice is equivalent to the Lax equation
where [L, P] = LP - PL is the commutator of two operators. The operators L and P, the Lax pair, are linear operators in the Hilbert space of square summable sequences given by
The matrix has the property that its eigenvalues are invariant in time. These eigenvalues constitute independent integrals of motion, therefore the Toda lattice is completely integrable. In particular, the Toda lattice can be solved by virtue of the inverse scattering transform for the Jacobi operator L. The main result implies that arbitrary (sufficiently fast) decaying initial conditions asymptotically for large t split into a sum of solitons and a decaying dispersive part.
References
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- Integrable Hamiltonians with Exponential Potential, Eugene Gutkin, Physica 16D (1985) 398-404.
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External links
- E. W. Weisstein, Toda Lattice at ScienceWorld
- G. Teschl, The Toda Lattice