Tombstone (financial industry)
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A tombstone is a type of print notice that is most often used in the financial industry to formally announce a particular transaction, such as an initial public offering or placement of stock of a company.
The Securities Act of 1933 required the publication of the tombstone advertisement to be printed in a newspaper and provide the barest of information on the transaction as the last step in the financial deal.[2]
This public disclosure is done in a form that lists the participants in a specified order according to their role in underwriting or brokering the transaction. The name of this disclosure comes from the appearance of advertisement used, a 'tombstone ad', so called because the simple, centered text style with large amounts of whitespace and few if any images or other adornments make them resemble some of the tombstones found in cemeteries.[3] Additional information such as "photographs of investment properties or descriptions of the tax benefits of investments" are not allowed in financial tombstones.[4] However, another view is that in the 19th century, financial notices were published in newspapers alongside birth and death notices.[5]
Tombstone ads are considered by the SEC to "condition the market" for the securities, and thus are an offer even though the notice may have not specifically describe the transaction.[6] In public offerings, investment bankers can sell securities to investors only by means of a prospectus that has been filled with the SEC; therefore, tombstones announcing such transactions have a notice that they are "not an offer to sell or a solicitation to buy."[7]
Among financial firms, and more specifically, the investment banking community, the term "tombstone" may also refer to a trophy or deal tombstone, known as a deal toy.[8][9]
References
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