Aleksander (Hasidic dynasty)

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File:Yismach.jpg
The title page to Sefer Yismach Yisroel

The Aleksander (Alt. Alexander, Hebrew script: אלכסנדר ) hasidic movement flourished in Poland from 1880 until it was largely destroyed by Nazi Germany during World War II. The sect is named after the town of its origin, Aleksandrow Lodzki, Poland, (about forty five kilometers from Łódź), which was called Aleksander in Yiddish.

Prior to the Holocaust, Aleksander Hasidism were the second largest hasidic group in Poland - second in size only to Ger. They attracted artisans, merchants and water carriers rather than elite Talmudic scholars and richer people that were attracted to Ger. Like the rest of Polish Jewry, almost all of Aleksander hasidim were killed in the Holocaust.

The philosophy of Aleksander is drawn from the rebbes, Israel Yitzhak Kalish of Vurke and Simcha Bunim of Peshischa. Peshischa stressed "truth" (Emmes) and P'nimius in one's service of the Creator. Vurke taught Ahavas Yisroel and Anava (humility) before God and one's fellow. The rebbes of Aleksander took these teachings and formed their own unique emphasis on the service of God and a persons relationship with their fellows. The core philosophy of Aleksander can be extracted from the book Yismach Yisroel (1911).

Between the world wars, Hasidic Jews from all over flocked to the small village of Aleksander to spend the holiest days of the Jewish year in the presence of their spiritual leader, their rebbe, Rabbi Yitzchak Menachem Dancyger (1879–1943). The Rebbe of Aleksander attempted to remain neutral in political issues while emphasizing communal prayer and the study of Torah. He was murdered by the Germans in the Treblinka extermination camp.

Today, Aleksander has emerged from the ashes of the Holocaust and continues in growing numbers in small communities in America, Europe and Israel.

History

File:AlexanderRebbe-620x439.jpg
Akeidas Yitzchok walking with his sons and student in Marienbad, 1930's.

The founder of the dynasty of Aleksander was Rabbi Yechiel Dancyger (1828–1894), son of Rabbi Fayvl from Gritse, a disciple of Israel Yitzhak Kalish of Vurke.[1]

His son, Yerachmiel Yisroel Yitzchok Dancyger (1853–1910), was even more famous, and accumulated a large group of followers. He was the author of Yismach Yisrael (Hebrew: "Israel will Rejoice", 1911), which he wrote together with his brother, Shmuel Tsvi (1840–1923), who later succeeded him and authored the Tiferes Shmuel. The teachings of the rebbes who followed stressed ethics, mysticism and ecstatic religious forms, putting less emphasis on studying the Talmud. The followers of the rebbes from Aleksander were primarily merchants and artisans, especially from Warsaw, and also in Łódź, where there were approximately 35 houses of prayer and study. There were also shtiblekh in numerous other towns, including Bełchatów,[2] Opoczno,[3] and Piotrków.[4] In 1914 his brother Betsalel Yoir (1856–1934) began to serve as a rebbe in Łódź, thus starting a second branch of Alexander. After Shmuel Tsvi's death, the dynasty was continued by his son, Yitzchok Menachem Mendel Dancyger (1880–1943), whose accomplishments included the expansion of religious schools in Łódź and in Aleksander.[1] Unlike many chasidic leaders of that period, he was not interested in politics. During the Second World War, he was in the Warsaw Ghetto. Refusing to leave for the Land of Israel, he died along with his family in Treblinka. Nowadays, the community of chasidim of Aleksander exists mainly in Israel, but there are several synagogues (shtiblekh) in Boro Park, Monsey, Lakewood,[5] Antwerp, London, and Australia.

  • Dormitory of M. Kopernik High School in Aleksandrów Łódzki.jpg

    Home of the Aleksander Rebbes in Poland.

  • Aleksandrow kirkut 1.jpg

    Graves of the Aleksander Rebbes in Poland

Dynasty

  • Grand Rabbi Shraga Fayvel Dancyger of Gritsa (d. 1848), disciple of Grand Rabbi Israel Yitzhak Kalish of Vurke, served as the rebbe of the Vurke hasidim for the final six months of his life.
    • Grand Rabbi Yechiel Dancyger (1828–1894), first rebbe of the Aleksander dynasty, son of Rabbi Shraga Fayvel.
      • Grand Rabbi Yerachmiel Yisroel Yitzchak Danziger (1853–1910), author of Yismach Yisroel, son of Rabbi Yechiel.
      • Grand Rabbi Shmuel Tzvi Dancyger (1860–1923), author of Tiferes Shmuel, son of Rabbi Yechiel.
        • Grand Rabbi Yitzchak Menachem Mendel Dancyger (1880–1943), author of Akeidas Yitzchok, son of the Tiferes Shmuel, murdered in Treblinka along with his family.
      • Grand Rabbi Betsalel Yoir Dancyger of Łódź (1856–1934), son of Rabbi Yechiel.
        • Grand Rabbi Yehudah Moshe Tyberg(1892–1973), author of Emunas Moshe, son-in-law of Rabbi Betsalel Yoir, Became Rebbe of Aleksander following the Second World War.
          • Grand Rabbi Avrohom Menachem Dancyger (1921–2005), the Imrei Menachem, son of the Emunas Moshe.
            • Grand Rabbi Yisroel Zvi Yair Dancyger oldest son of the Imrei Menachem, is the current Aleksander Rebbe.
            • Grand Rabbi Shneur Zalman Dancyger younger son of the Imrei Menachem, is the current Aleksander Rebbe in Cleveland OH.

Aleksander Hasidism today

After the destruction of European Jewry, the surviving remnant of Aleksander Hassidim asked Rabbi Yehuda Moshe to assume the leadership. He was a prolific writer and published a number of works, including Responsa Hashava Letava (Lodz, 1933) and another volume that contained two works: Kedushat Yitzhak and Nahalat Zvi (Jerusalem, 1952) – the former on the hassidic masters who precipitated Aleksander Hassidism, and the latter comments on the weekly Torah portion. Rabbi Yehuda Moshe also spoke to survivors and collated their recollections of Aleksander Torah in Meoran Shel Yisrael (Bnei Brak, 1971). His main collection of thoughts on the Torah and the festivals was published posthumously under the title Emunat Moshe (Bnei Brak, 1976-1991).

Rabbi Yehuda Moshe was succeeded by his son Rabbi Avraham Menahem Dancyger (1921- 2005), whose hassidic insights are currently being printed under the title Imrei Menahem. Over the tenure of his thirty two years as Rebbe, R' Avraham Menachem expanded the Aleksander community in four countries, and built a seven story and well respected yeshiva in Bnei Brak Israel. The yeshiva was the rebbes pride and joy, reviving the Aleksander Yeshiva system destroyed in the holocaust. He died in 2005 shortly following the holiday of Purim.

In accordance with Rabbi Avraham Menahem’s will:

his oldest son – Rabbi Yisroel Zvi Yoir Dancyger - was appointed as Aleksander Rebbe in Bnei Brak.

his younger son - HaRav Shneur Zalman Dancyger - was appointed as Aleksander Rebbe of Europe. (Where R' Shneur Zalman lived at the time).

R' Yisroel has expanded the Aleksander chassidus by building new institutions in Israel and abroad, attracting many young students from outside Aleksander chassidus to join his court.

R' Shneur Zalman left Europe and moved to Cleveland, Ohio. where he opened a Hasidic Shtiebel, that was warmly welcomed by the local Jewish Community, and his Shul became a Well of Torah and Hasidism for the entire town.

Important Aleksander literature

In addition to learning the chassidic works revered by all groups, Aleksander chassidim learn Aleksander chassidus regularly, often in weekly classes on Thursday evenings in their synagogues. The Aleksander Dynasty has produced a number of classic texts that are revered throughout the Jewish world.

  • Yismach Yisroel - The fundamental text of Aleksander ideology. Written by Yerachmiel Dancyger, including many of the teachings of the first Rebbe R' Yechiel. Completed after his death by his brother Shmuel Zvi. (Lodz, 1911)
  • Tiferes Shmuel - Written by the third Aleksander Rebbe R' Shmuel Zvi Dancyger. (Lodz, 1923)
  • Akeidas Yitzchok - Compiled after the holocaust, this book contains all the surviving teachings of R' Yitzchok Menachem Dancyger. (Israel,1960)
  • Emunas Moshe - A five volume work written by R' Yehuda Moshe Dancyger on the weekly readings and holidays.
  • Imrei Menachem - Writings of R' Avraham Menachem Dancyger, currently being compiled and published.
  • Imrei Kodesh - The writings of the current Rebbe R' Yisroel Zvi Yoir.
  • Derech HaCHassidus - A concise guide to chassidic philosophy, written by R Eliezer Yitzchak Danziger, son of the current rebbe from Bne Brak, for young students.

Other works published by the Aleksander sect are:

  • Meoron Shel Yisroel - Published in the back of Yismach Yisroel, containing personal accounts and collected teachings of early Aleksander Rebbes by holocaust survivors.
  • Roeh Neeman - By Yehuda Makover, is a history of Aleksander, particularly of R' Yitzchak Menachem Dancyger the Akeidas Yitzchok.
  • Emuros Tehoros - A weekly publication on the Torah portion
  • Karmeinu - A periodical containing teachings, histories and events in the community.
  • Perchei HaKerem - A triannual book containing insights by students of the Aleksander Yeshiva.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 http://www.yivo.org/downloads/Hasidism_Overview.pdf
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ http://web.mit.edu/maz/wolf/65-179/wolf76.txt
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.

External links

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