CX3CR1

Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1
Identifiers
Symbols	CX3CR1 ; CCRL1; CMKBRL1; CMKDR1; GPR13; GPRV28; V28
External IDs	OMIM: 601470 MGI: 1333815 HomoloGene: 20350 IUPHAR: 74 ChEMBL: 4843 GeneCards: CX3CR1 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • chemokine receptor activity • protein binding • C-X3-C chemokine receptor activity Cellular component • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • neuronal cell body membrane • neuron projection • perinuclear region of cytoplasm Biological process • positive regulation of neuroblast proliferation • microglial cell activation involved in immune response • negative regulation of chronic inflammatory response to non-antigenic stimulus • chemotaxis • cellular defense response • cell adhesion • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • memory • response to wounding • viral process • negative regulation of angiogenesis • cerebral cortex cell migration • negative regulation of cell migration • positive regulation of angiogenesis • macrophage chemotaxis • chemokine-mediated signaling pathway • cellular response to lipopolysaccharide • cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus • negative regulation of long-term synaptic potentiation • negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
File:PBB GE CX3CR1 205898 at tn.png
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	1524	13051
Ensembl	ENSG00000168329	ENSMUSG00000052336
UniProt	P49238	Q9Z0D9
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001171171	NM_009987
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001164642	NP_034117
Location (UCSC)	Chr 3: 39.26 – 39.28 Mb	Chr 9: 119.9 – 120.07 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) also known as the fractalkine receptor or G-protein coupled receptor 13 (GPR13) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CX3CR1 gene. As the name suggests, this receptor binds the chemokine CX3CL1 (also called neurotactin or fractalkine).

Function

The fractalkine ligand CX3CL1 is a transmembrane protein and chemokine involved in the adhesion and migration of leukocytes. The protein encoded by the CX3R1 gene is a receptor for the fractalkine ligand.

Expression of this receptor appears to be associated with lymphocytes. CX3CR1 is also expressed by monocytes and plays a major role in the survival of monocytes.

Fractalkine signalling has also recently been discovered to play a developmental role in the migration of microglia in the central nervous system to their synaptic targets, where phagocytosis and synaptic refinement occur. CX3CR1 knockout mice had more synapses on cortical neurons than wild-type mice.

Clinical significance

CX3CR1 also is a coreceptor for HIV-1, and some variations in this gene lead to increased susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and rapid progression to AIDS.

CX3CR1 variants have been described to modify the survival time and the progression rate of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Mutations in CX3CR1 are associated to dysplasia of the hip .

External links

• CX3CR1 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.