Siphoviridae
Siphoviridae | |
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Virus classification | |
Group: |
Group I (dsDNA)
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Order: | |
Family: |
Siphoviridae
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Genera | |
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Synonyms | |
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Siphoviridae is a family of double-stranded DNA viruses in the order Caudovirales. Bacteria and archeabacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently 313 species in this family, divided among 47 genera.[2][3] The characteristic structural features of this family are a nonenveloped head and noncontractile tail.
Contents
Structure
Viruses in Siphoviridae are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and head-tail geometries[2] (morphotype B1) or a prolate capsid (morphotype B2), and T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 60 nm.[2] Members of this family are also characterized by their filamentous, cross-banded, noncontractile tails, usually with short terminal and subterminal fibers. Genomes are double stranded and linear, around 50kb in length,[2] containing about 70 genes. The guanine/cytosine content is usually around 52%.
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Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic Arrangement | Genomic Segmentation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pbiunalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Yualikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Sfi1unalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Phijlunalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Che8likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Bronlikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Sap6likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Andromedalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Sfi21dtunalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Pgonelikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Lambdalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7, levo | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Skunalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Cjwunalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Corndoglikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Phifllikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Xp10likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Tunalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Wbetalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
D3112likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
77likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Charlielikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
D3likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
T5likevirus | Head-Tail | T=13 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Tp2unalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
T5likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Reylikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Hk578likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
3alikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Che9clikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Phietalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Tm4likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Halolikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Phic3unalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Iebhlikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Chilikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
N15likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
C5likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Phie125likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
P23likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Psimunalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Jerseylikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Spbetalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Bignuzlikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
C2likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Barnyardlikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Omegalikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Phicbklikevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
L5likevirus | Head-Tail | T=7 | Non-Enveloped | Linear | Monopartite |
Life Cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Replication follows the replicative transposition model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by -1 ribosomal frameshifting, and +1 ribosomal frameshifting. The virus exits the host cell by lysis, and holin/endolysin/spanin proteins.[2] Bacteria and archeabacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion.[2]
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Genus | Host Details | Tissue Tropism | Entry Details | Release Details | Replication Site | Assembly Site | Transmission |
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Pbiunalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Yualikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Sfi1unalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Phijlunalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Che8likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Bronlikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Sap6likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Andromedalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Sfi21dtunalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Pgonelikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Lambdalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Skunalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Cjwunalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Corndoglikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Phifllikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Xp10likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Tunalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Wbetalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
D3112likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
77likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Charlielikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
D3likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
T5likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Tp2unalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
T5likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Reylikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Hk578likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
3alikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Che9clikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Phietalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Tm4likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Halolikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Phic3unalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Iebhlikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Chilikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
N15likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
C5likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Phie125likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
P23likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Psimunalikevirus | Bacteria; archea | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Jerseylikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Spbetalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Bignuzlikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
C2likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Barnyardlikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Omegalikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Phicbklikevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
L5likevirus | Bacteria | None | Injection | Lysis | Cytoplasm | Cytoplasm | Passive diffusion |
Taxonomy
Group: dsDNA
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Family: Siphoviridae
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Genus: Che8likevirus
- Mycobacterium phage ardmore
- Mycobacterium phage avani
- Mycobacterium phage boomer
- Mycobacterium phage Che8
- Mycobacterium phage Che9d
- Mycobacterium phage deadp
- Mycobacterium phage dlane
- Mycobacterium phage dorothy
- Mycobacterium phage dotproduct
- Mycobacterium phage drago
- Mycobacterium phage fruitloop
- Mycobacterium phage gumbie
- Mycobacterium phage ibhubesi
- Mycobacterium phage Llij
- Mycobacterium phage mozy
- Mycobacterium phage mutaforma13
- Mycobacterium phage Pacc40
- Mycobacterium phage PMC
- Mycobacterium phage ramsey
- Mycobacterium phage rockyhorror
- Mycobacterium phage SG4
- Mycobacterium phage shauna1
- Mycobacterium phage shilan
- Mycobacterium phage spartacus
- Mycobacterium phage taj
- Mycobacterium phage tweety
- Mycobacterium phage wee
- Mycobacterium phage yoshi
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Genus: L5likevirus
- Mycobacterium phage alma
- Mycobacterium phage arturo
- Mycobacterium phage astro
- Mycobacterium phage backyardigan
- Mycobacterium phage BBPiebs31
- Mycobacterium phage benedict
- Mycobacterium phage bethlehem
- Mycobacterium phage billknuckles
- Mycobacterium phage bruns
- Mycobacterium phage Bxb1
- Mycobacterium phage Bxz2
- Mycobacterium phage Che12
- Mycobacterium phage cuco
- Mycobacterium phage D29
- Mycobacterium phage doom
- Mycobacterium phage ericb
- Mycobacterium phage euphoria
- Mycobacterium phage george
- Mycobacterium phage gladiator
- Mycobacterium phage goose
- Mycobacterium phage hammer
- Mycobacterium phage heldan
- Mycobacterium phage Jasper
- Mycobacterium phage JC27
- Mycobacterium phage jeffabunny
- Mycobacterium phage JHC117
- Mycobacterium phage KBG
- Mycobacterium phage kssjeb
- Mycobacterium phage kugel
- Mycobacterium phage L5
- Mycobacterium phage lesedi
- Mycobacterium phage LHTSCC
- Mycobacterium phage lockley
- Mycobacterium phage marcell
- Mycobacterium phage microwolf
- Mycobacterium phage mrgordo
- Mycobacterium phage museum
- Mycobacterium phage nepal
- Mycobacterium phage packman
- Mycobacterium phage peaches
- Mycobacterium phage Perseus
- Mycobacterium phage pukovnik
- Mycobacterium phage rebeuca
- Mycobacterium phage redrock
- Mycobacterium phage Ridgecb
- Mycobacterium phage rockstar
- Mycobacterium phage saintus
- Mycobacterium phage skipole
- Mycobacterium phage solon
- Mycobacterium phage switzer
- Mycobacterium phage SWU1
- Mycobacterium phage Ta17a
- Mycobacterium phage tiger
- Mycobacterium phage timshel
- Mycobacterium phage trixie
- Mycobacterium phage turbido
- Mycobacterium phage twister
- Mycobacterium phage U2
- Mycobacterium phage violet
- Mycobacterium phage wonder
- Rhodococcus phage RER2
- Rhodococcus phage RGL3
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Genus: Pgonelikevirus
- Mycobacterium phage acadian
- Mycobacterium phage athena
- Mycobacterium phage chrisnmich
- Mycobacterium phage cooper
- Mycobacterium phage gadjet
- Mycobacterium phage nigel
- Mycobacterium phage oline
- Mycobacterium phage Pg1
- Mycobacterium phage pipefish
- Mycobacterium phage rosebush
- Mycobacterium phage stinger
- Mycobacterium phage zemanar
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Genus: Phietalikevirus
- Staphylococcus phage 11
- Staphylococcus phage 29
- Staphylococcus phage 37
- Staphylococcus phage 53
- Staphylococcus phage 55
- Staphylococcus phage 69
- Staphylococcus phage 71
- Staphylococcus phage 80
- Staphylococcus phage 85
- Staphylococcus phage 88
- Staphylococcus phage 92
- Staphylococcus phage 96
- Staphylococcus phage 187
- Staphylococcus phage 52a
- Staphylococcus phage 80alpha
- Staphylococcus phage Cnph82
- Staphylococcus phage Ew
- Staphylococcus phage Ipla5
- Staphylococcus phage Ipla7
- Staphylococcus phage Ipla88
- Staphylococcus phage Ph15
- Staphylococcus phage Phieta
- Staphylococcus phage Phieta2
- Staphylococcus phage Phieta3
- Staphylococcus phage phimr11
- Staphylococcus phage phimr25
- Staphylococcus phage phinm1
- Staphylococcus phage phinm2
- Staphylococcus phage phinm4
- Staphylococcus phage Sap26
- Staphylococcus phage X2
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Genus: Skunalikevirus
- Lactococcus phage 712
- Lactococcus phage Ascc191
- Lactococcus phage Ascc273
- Lactococcus phage Ascc281
- Lactococcus phage Ascc465
- Lactococcus phage Ascc532
- Lactococcus phage Bibb29
- Lactococcus phage bil170
- Lactococcus phage CB13
- Lactococcus phage CB14
- Lactococcus phage CB19
- Lactococcus phage CB20
- Lactococcus phage jj50
- Lactococcus phage P2
- Lactococcus phage P008
- Lactococcus phage SK1
- Lactococcus phage Sl4
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Proposed genera
The organisation of genes in the genera L5likevirus, Lambdalikevirus, Phic3unalikevirus, and Psimunalikevirus and the proposed genera Sfi2likevirus, Sfi1likevirus, Sk1likevirus, and Tm4likevirus suggests that these may form a lambda supergroup (or subfamily).[5]
The following genera have been proposed but are not currently ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses:[6][7][8][9][10][11]
- Genus Cba39unalikevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi39:1
- Species:
- Cellulophaga phage phi39:1
- Species:
- Genus Cba46unalikevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi46:1
- Species:
- Cellulophaga phage phi46:1
- Species:
- Genus Cba18unalikevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi18:1
- Species:
- Cellulophaga phage phi18:1
- Cellulophaga phage phi12:1
- Cellulophaga phage phi12:3
- Cellulophaga phage phi17:1
- Cellulophaga phage phi18:2
- Species:
- Genus Cba10unalikevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi10:1
- Species:
- Cellulophaga phage phi10:1
- Cellulophaga phage phi19:1
- Species:
- Genus Cba13unalikevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi13:1
- Species:
- Cellulophaga phage phi13:1
- Cellulophaga phage phi19:2
- Cellulophaga phage phiST
- Species:
- Genus Jk06likevirus; type species: Escherichia phage Jk06
- Species
- Escherichia phage Eb49
- Escherichia phage Jk06
- Escherichia phage Rogue1
- Escherichia phage AHP24
- Escherichia phage AHS24
- Escherichia phage AHP42
- Escherichia phage AKS96
- Enterobacteria phage phiJLA23
- Enterobacteria phage phiKP26
- Species
- Genus Kp36likevirus; type species: Klebsiella phage KP36
- Species
- Enterobacter phage F20
- Klebsiella phage KP36
- Species
- Genus R1tlikevirus; type species: Lactococcus phage r1t
- Species
- Lactococcus phage r1t
- Species
- Genus Rtplikevirus; type species: Escherichia phage Rtp
- Species
- Escherichia phage Rtp
- Enterobacteria phage vB_EcoS_ACG-M12
- Species
- Genus Tlslikevirus; type species: Escherichia phage Tls
- Species
- Escherichia phage Tls
- Salmonella phage FSL SP-126
- Species
Unclassified
In addition to the above viruses, many members of Siphoviridae have been grouped into an unclassified group with no genus assignment.[12] This group includes numerous phages known to infect Lactobacillus, Mycobacterium, Streptococcus, and other bacteria.
References
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- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
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- ↑ Taxonomy Proposals Awaiting Ratification at ICTV
- ↑ Taxonomy Proposals Pending at ICTV
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