Action of 14 October 1918
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The Action of 14 October was a naval engagement of the First World War when the Imperial German Navy submarine SM U-139 attacked the Portuguese civilian steamer São Miguel and the Portuguese Navy naval trawler NRP Augusto de Castilho in the Atlantic Ocean on 14 October 1918.[1]
Contents
Background
On the island of Madeira, the Portuguese patrol boat NRP Augusto de Castilho under the command of the First Lieutenant Carvalho de Araújo received the mission of escorting the Portuguese civilian steamer São Miguel, which was property of the Empresa Insulana de Navegação and was sailing from the port of Funchal in Madeira to the port of Ponta Delgada on the Azores archipelago, with 206 passengers and several tons of cargo on board.[2]
The NRP Augusto de Castilho, originally the fishing trawler Elite, built in 1909, had been requisitioned by the Portuguese government and transferred to the service of the Portuguese Navy which adapted it to serve as an escort ship following Portugal's entering into the war in 1916.[3] The ship was equipped with two small Hotchkiss cannons, one of 65 mm on the bow and another of 47mm on the stern.[3]
Action
After leaving Funchal at sunset on 13 October, São Miguel came under fire at 06:15 AM on 14 October from the German submarine U-139, one of the more and better equipped submarines of the German Navy, armed with two powerful 150 mm cannons and six torpedo launch tubes, and under the command of the famous Lothar von Arnauld de la Perière. In order to protect the São Miguel, and after using all the smoke boxes available for creating a smoke curtain while repeatedly firing the stern cannon, de Araújo gave orders for the NRP Augusto de Castilho to turn to port, describing half a circle, and advance towards the German U-139, taking gunfire from the submarine, thus giving São Miguel time to escape at full speed.
After two hours of fierce but one-sided fighting,[4] and with several fatal casualties on deck, the artillery damaged, without ammunition,[4] and having lost the telegraph and the ship's engine, the Portuguese ship surrendered by lowering the national flag and raising a white flag. However, the German submarine continued firing, hitting the patrol ship with a direct shot which killed de Araújo and injured Midshipman Armando Ferraz for a second time.[2] After receiving orders by the Midshipman to abandon ship, the Portuguese survivors were able to enter in two life boats. The ship was then boarded and sunk by the Germans with explosive charges,[2] carrying with them the body of de Araújo and of all Portuguese sailors who had perished during the battle.
Aftermath
One of the life boats arrived at the island of Santa Maria Island after 48 hours with 29 of the survivors, with one of the injured sailors having died during their journey. The other life boat, with 12 survivors onboard arrived at the island of São Miguel Island, on 17 October.
The action was U-139's last and as a few weeks later the submarine surrendered to France on 24 November 1918.[5]
See also
- History of Portugal
- Portuguese First Republic
- Battle of the Lys (1918)
- Portuguese Expeditionary Corps
References
Notes
- ↑ James H. Guill, "the only battle of note that occurred near the Azores during this period took place 14 October 1918 between the German U-139 and Portugal's ships São Miguel and Augusto Castilho.", page 507.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Atlântico Norte (14 de Outubro de 1918) (Portuguese)
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Saturnino Monteiro, page 141.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 João Medina, Aniceto Afonso, page 127.
- ↑ http://www.uboat.net
Bibliography
- Saturnino Monteiro, Batalhas e combates da Marinha Portuguesa: 1808–1975 (1997).
- João Medina, Aniceto Afonso, História contemporânea de Portugal: Primeira República (2 v.) (1990).
- James H. Guill, A History of the Azores Islands.
External links
- (Portuguese) Portal da Marinha Portuguesa
- (English) uboat.net
