Donegal (Dáil constituency)

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Donegal
Dáil Constituency
Major settlements
Current constituency
Created 2016
Seats 5
TDs
County council Donegal County Council
Created from
EP constituency Midlands–North-West
Donegal
Former Dáil Constituency
Former constituency
Created 1977
Abolished 1981
Seats 5
County council County Donegal
Donegal
Former Dáil Constituency
Former constituency
Created 1921
Abolished 1937
Seats 6 (1921–1923)
8 (1923–1937)
County council County Donegal
Created from

Donegal is a parliamentary constituency which has been represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas, since the 2016 general election. The constituency elects 5 deputies (Teachtaí Dála, commonly known as TDs) on the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).

It covers County Donegal with the exception of nine southern electoral divisions which are part of the neighbouring Sligo–Leitrim constituency.

History and boundaries

1921 to 1937

The Donegal constituency was first created in 1921 under the Government of Ireland Act 1920, for the 1921 election to the House of Commons of Southern Ireland, whose members formed the Second Dáil. It elected 6 deputies in 1921, and again at the 1922 general election. It covered the whole territory of County Donegal in north-west Ireland.

Under the Electoral Act 1923, the constituency's boundaries remained unchanged, and were defined simply as "the administrative county of Donegal". However, its representation was increased from 6 to 8 seats.[1]

The Donegal constituency was abolished by the Electoral (Revision of Constituencies) Act 1935, with effect from the 1937 general election. It was replaced by two new constituencies: the 4-seat Donegal East and the 3-seat Donegal West.[2]

1977 to 1981

A Donegal constituency was re-established under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1974, and used at the 1977 general election only. The new 5-seat constituency did not cover all of County Donegal; an area in the south of the county, including the rural hinterland of Ballyshannon and the town of Bundoran, was included in the Sligo–Leitrim constituency.[3]

The revived constituency was short-lived, as under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1980, it was replaced by two new 3-seat constituencies, Donegal North-East and Donegal South-West.[4]

Since 2016

In 2012 the Constituency Commission proposed that at the next general election, the constituencies of Donegal North-East and Donegal South-West should be replaced by a new constituency called Donegal.[5] The report proposed changes to the constituencies of Ireland so as to reduce the total number of TDs from 166 to 158.[6]

The Donegal constituency was re-established by the Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2013, with effect from the 2016 general election.[7] the 2013 Act defined the constituency as:

"The county of Donegal, except the part thereof which is comprised in the constituency of Sligo–Leitrim."

The area of the county of Donegal within the Sligo–Leitrim constituency was defined as:

"the electoral divisions of:
Ballintra, Ballyshannon Rural, Bundoran Rural, Carrickboy, Cavangarden, Cliff, in the former Rural District of Ballyshannon;
Ballintra in the former Rural District of Donegal;
and the towns of Ballyshannon and Bundoran"

The Electoral (Amendment) (Dáil Constituencies) Act 2017 defines the constituency as:[8]

"The county of Donegal, except the part thereof which is comprised in the constituency of Sligo–Leitrim."

The area of the county of Donegal within the Sligo–Leitrim constituency is:

"the electoral divisions of:
Ballintra, Ballyshannon Rural, Ballyshannon Urban, Bundoran Rural, Carrickboy, Cavangarden, Cliff, in the former Rural District of Ballyshannon;
Ballintra in the former Rural District of Donegal;
and Bundoran Urban"

TDs

TDs 1921–1937

Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Donegal 1921–1937[9]
<templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Key to parties
Dáil Election Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
2nd 1921[10] Joseph O'Doherty
(SF)
Samuel O'Flaherty
(SF)
Patrick McGoldrick
(SF)
Joseph McGinley
(SF)
Joseph Sweeney
(SF)
Peter Ward
(SF)
6 seats
1921–1923
3rd 1922[11] Joseph O'Doherty
(Anti-Treaty)
Samuel O'Flaherty
(Anti-Treaty)
Patrick McGoldrick
(Pro-Treaty)
Joseph McGinley
(Pro-Treaty)
Joseph Sweeney
(Pro-Treaty)
Peter Ward
(Pro-Treaty)
4th 1923[12] Joseph O'Doherty
(Rep)
Peadar O'Donnell
(Rep)
Patrick McGoldrick
(CnaG)
Eugene Doherty
(CnaG)
Patrick McFadden
(CnaG)
Peter Ward
(CnaG)
rowspan="6" style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color"| James Myles
([[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/abbrev]])
John White
(FP)
1924 by-election[13] Denis McCullough
(CnaG)
5th 1927 (Jun)[14] Frank Carney
(FF)
Neal Blaney
(FF)
Daniel McMenamin
(NL)
Michael Óg McFadden
(CnaG)
Hugh Law
(CnaG)
6th 1927 (Sep)[15] Archie Cassidy
(Lab)
7th 1932[16] Brian Brady
(FF)
Daniel McMenamin
(CnaG)
John White
(CnaG)
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color"| James Dillon
([[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/abbrev]])
8th 1933[17] Joseph O'Doherty
(FF)
Hugh Doherty
(FF)
Michael Óg McFadden
(CnaG)
James Dillon
(NCP)
9th 1937 Constituency abolished. See Donegal East and Donegal West (1937–1961) and Donegal North-East and Donegal South-West (1961–1977)

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

TDs 1977–1981

Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Donegal 1977–1981[9]
<templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Key to parties
Dáil Election Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
21st 1977[18] Hugh Conaghan
(FF)
Joseph Brennan
(FF)
Neil Blaney
(IFF)
James White
(FG)
Paddy Harte
(FG)
1980 by-election[19] Clement Coughlan
(FF)
22nd 1981 Constituency abolished. See Donegal North-East and Donegal South-West

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

TDs since 2016

Teachtaí Dála (TDs) for Donegal 2016–
<templatestyles src="Template:Hidden begin/styles.css"/>
Key to parties
Dáil Election Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
Deputy
(Party)
32nd 2016[20] Pearse Doherty
(SF)
Pat "the Cope" Gallagher
(FF)
rowspan="2" style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color"| Thomas Pringle
([[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/abbrev]])
Charlie McConalogue
(FF)
Joe McHugh
(FG)
33rd Pádraig Mac Lochlainn
(SF)

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.

Elections

2020 general election

2020 general election: Donegal[21][22][23]
Party Candidate  % 1st Pref Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9
Sinn Féin Pearse Doherty 27.2 21,044                
Sinn Féin Pádraig Mac Lochlainn 17.9 13,891                
Fianna Fáil Charlie McConalogue 10.8 8,347 8,871 9,022 9,078 9,425 9,633 10,054 10,270 11,432
Fine Gael Joe McHugh 9.8 7,621 8,093 8,129 8,170 8,309 8,740 8,988 10,920 12,104
Fianna Fáil Pat "the Cope" Gallagher 9.6 7,469 8,661 8,688 8,729 8,905 9,035 9,518 10,146 11,074
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Thomas Pringle 7.1 5,472 8,270 8,521 8,621 8,947 9,637 10,241 10,755 12,245
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland John O'Donnell 6.1 4,735 5,620 5,780 5,891 6,168 6,294 6,956 7,106  
Fine Gael Martin Harley 3.9 3,056 3,491 3,502 3,526 3,650 3,771 3,896    
Aontú Mary T. Sweeney 3.1 2,382 2,827 2,907 3,128 3,349 3,600      
Green Party Michael White 2.1 1,656 2,113 2,194 2,220 2,339        
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Peter Casey 1.5 1,143 1,804 1,950 2,132          
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Niall McConnell 0.7 580 803 832            
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Arthur McGuinness 0.1 56 99 109            
Electorate: 125,911   Valid: 77,452   Spoilt: 647   Quota: 12,909   Turnout: 78,099 (62.0%)

2020 Donegal opinion poll

Last date
of polling
Polling firm / Commissioner Sample
size
FF SF FG Pringle GP Aon O'Donnell Casey McConnell Lead
23 January 2020 TG4/Ipsos MRBI[24] 550 22 39 20 6 4 3 4 2 1 17
26 February 2016 General election 31.0 27.5 15.4 8.5 0.6 3.5

2016 general election

2016 general election: Donegal [25][26][20]
Party Candidate  % 1st Pref Count 1 Count 2 Count 3 Count 4 Count 5 Count 6 Count 7 Count 8 Count 9 Count 10 Count 11 Count 12 Count 13
Fianna Fáil Charlie McConalogue 17.1 12,533                        
Sinn Féin Pearse Doherty 14.1 10,300 10,305 10,330 10,524 10,870 11,053 11,190 14,600          
Fianna Fáil Pat "the Cope" Gallagher 13.9 10,198 10,203 10,362 10,504 10,694 10,941 11,160 11,267 11,398 11,832 13,138    
Fine Gael Joe McHugh 11.5 8,412 8,414 8,443 8,704 8,795 8,965 11,016 11,040 11,061 11,784 12,469    
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Thomas Pringle 8.5 6,220 6,239 6,247 6,498 6,689 7,389 7,522 7,617 7,722 8,491 9,462 9,888 10,082
Sinn Féin Pádraig Mac Lochlainn 7.8 5,742 5,743 5,773 5,893 5,961 6,008 6,032 6,567 8,509 9,143 9,716 9,852 9,898
Sinn Féin Gary Doherty 5.6 4,136 4,138 4,142 4,183 4,377 4,420 4,456            
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Dessie Shiels 5.1 3,724 3,724 3,739 3,986 4,166 4,288 4,463 4,497 4,540        
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Tim Jackson 4.9 3,580 3,585 3,601 3,752 4,034 4,319 4,524 4,650 4,790 5,864      
Fine Gael Paddy Harte Jnr 3.9 2,831 2,832 2,838 2,934 3,133 3,244              
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Frank McBrearty Jnr 2.6 1,914 1,917 1,921 1,981                  
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Niamh Kennedy 2.5 1,836 1,842 1,848 1,983 2,057                
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Ian McGarvey 1.3 982 982 989                    
Green Party Paula Flanagan 0.6 428 442 443                    
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | Independent politicians in Ireland Michael Mooney 0.5 397 402 407                    
Fís Nua Cordelia Nic Fhearraigh 0.1 70                        
Electorate: 117,675   Valid: 73,303   Spoilt: 654   Quota: 12,218   Turnout: 73,957 (62.85%)

2016 Donegal opinion poll

Last date
of polling
Polling firm / Commissioner Sample
size
FF SF FG Pringle Shiels McBrearty Jackson McGarvey Kennedy Lead
8 February 2016 TG4/Ipsos MRBI[27] ~500 30 30 17 7 7 4 3 2 2 0
26 February 2016 General election 31.0 27.5 15.4 8.5 5.1 2.6 4.9 1.3 2.5 3.5

1980 by-election

A by-election was held on 6 November 1980 to fill the vacancy caused by the death on 13 July 1980 of the Fianna Fáil TD Joseph Brennan. It was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Clement Coughlan, who died in a road accident in early 1983, triggering a by-election in the Donegal South-West constituency.

1980 by-election: Donegal[28]
Party Candidate  % 1st Pref Count 1 Count 2 Count 3
Fianna Fáil Clement Coughlan 39.0 23,456 24,000 29,219
Fine Gael Denis McGinley 33.3 20,022 20,793 24,085
Independent Fianna Fáil Paddy Kelly 23.6 14,198 14,992  
Sinn Féin (Workers' Party) Séamus Rodgers 4.0 2,401    
Electorate: 81,340   Valid: 60,077   Quota: 30,039   Turnout: 73.86%

1977 general election

1977 general election: Donegal[18]
Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
Fine Gael James White 10,672 17.6 1 1
Independent Fianna Fáil Neil Blaney 10,499 17.3 2 1
Fine Gael Paddy Harte 8,483 13.9 3
Fianna Fáil Joseph Brennan 6,448 10.6 4
Fianna Fáil Bernard McGlinchey 5,693 9.4
Fianna Fáil Hugh Conaghan 5,413 8.9 5
Fianna Fáil Patrick Delap 4,583 7.5
Independent Fianna Fáil Paddy Keaveney 3,325 5.5
Fine Gael Séamus Gill 2,946 4.8
Sinn Féin (Workers' Party) Séamus Rodgers 2,505 4.1
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/shortname]] Charles Long 256 0.4
Electorate: 77,813   Valid: 60,823   Quota: 10,138   Turnout: 78.2%

1933 general election

1933 general election: Donegal[17]
Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/shortname]] James Myles 10,784 15.5 1 1
Fianna Fáil Brian Brady 7,615 11.0 5
Fianna Fáil Joseph O'Doherty 7,384 10.6 7
Fianna Fáil Neal Blaney 7,310 10.5 6
Fianna Fáil Hugh Doherty 7,055 10.1 8
Fianna Fáil Archie Cassidy 6,036 8.7
National Centre Party James Dillon 5,319 7.7 4
Cumann na nGaedheal Daniel McMenamin 5,261 7.6 3
Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Óg McFadden 4,725 6.8 2
Cumann na nGaedheal Michael McGilligan 4,306 6.2
Cumann na nGaedheal Eugene Doherty 3,779 5.4
Electorate: 88,666   Valid: 69,574   Quota: 7,731   Turnout: 78.5%

1932 general election

1932 general election: Donegal[16]
Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/shortname]] James Myles 10,077 15.6 1 1
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/shortname]] James Dillon 7,645 11.8 2 1
Fianna Fáil Neal Blaney 7,416 11.4 3 1
Fianna Fáil Brian Brady 4,955 7.6 8
Fianna Fáil Hugh Doherty 4,691 7.2
Cumann na nGaedheal John White 4,654 7.2 5
Cumann na nGaedheal Eugene Doherty 4,313 6.7 6
Cumann na nGaedheal Daniel McMenamin 4,050 6.3 4
Fianna Fáil Frank Carney 3,874 6.0 7
Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Óg McFadden 3,737 5.8
Fianna Fáil Patrick Doherty 3,370 5.2
Cumann na nGaedheal Hugh Law 2,795 4.3
Labour Party Archie Cassidy 2,506 3.9
Labour Party Charles Sweeney 733 1.1
Electorate: 87,413   Valid: 64,816   Quota: 7,202   Turnout: 74.1%

September 1927 general election

September 1927 general election: Donegal[15]
Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/shortname]] James Myles 7,934 14.5 1 1
Fianna Fáil Neal Blaney 6,877 12.6 2 1
Cumann na nGaedheal Eugene Doherty 6,108 11.2 3 1
Cumann na nGaedheal Hugh Law 5,224 9.6 5
Fianna Fáil Frank Carney 4,811 8.8 4
Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Óg McFadden 4,740 8.7 7
Farmers' Party John White 4,637 8.5 8
Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGoldrick 3,889 7.1
Labour Party Archie Cassidy 3,675 6.7 6
Fianna Fáil Patrick McGinley 2,463 4.5
Cumann na nGaedheal Edward Kelly 2,067 3.8
Fianna Fáil John O'Flaherty 1,973 3.6
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/shortname]] Kate McCarry 164 0.3
Electorate: 90,224   Valid: 54,552   Quota: 6,062   Turnout: 60.5%

June 1927 general election

June 1927 general election: Donegal[14]
Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/shortname]] James Myles 7,557 15.1 1 1
National League Party Daniel McMenamin 5,828 11.7 2 1
Fianna Fáil Neal Blaney 5,681 11.4 4
Farmers' Party John White 5,031 10.1 3
Cumann na nGaedheal Eugene Doherty 4,005 8.0 6
Cumann na nGaedheal Hugh Law 3,596 7.2 7
Cumann na nGaedheal Michael Óg McFadden 3,105 6.2 8
Fianna Fáil Frank Carney 3,002 6.0 5
Fianna Fáil Seamus Monaghan 2,899 5.8
Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGoldrick 2,750 5.5
Labour Party Archie Cassidy 2,491 5.0
Labour Party Denis Houston 2,005 4.0
Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McFadden 1,975 3.9
Electorate: 90,224   Valid: 49,925   Quota: 5,548[29]   Turnout: 55.3%

1924 by-election

A by-election was held on 20 November 1924 to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation on 1 August 1924 of the Cumann na nGaedheal TD Peter Ward. There were only two candidates, and the winner was the Cumann na nGaedheal candidate Denis McCullough.

1924 by-election: Donegal[13]
Party Candidate  % 1st Pref Count 1
Cumann na nGaedheal Denis McCullough 57.6 24,919
Republican Thomas Daly 42.4 18,371
Electorate: 96,777   Valid: 43,290   Quota: 21,646   Turnout: 44.7%

1923 general election

The 1923 general election to the 4th Dáil was the first in the Donegal constituency where the number of candidates exceeded the number of seats. Under the Electoral Act 1923, Donegal's representation had been increased from six to eight seats, and these were contested by no less than 19 candidates.

1923 general election: Donegal[12]
Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/shortname]] James Myles 6,954 13.2 1 1
Cumann na nGaedheal Peter Ward 5,513 10.5 2
Cumann na nGaedheal Eugene Doherty 5,261 10.0 3
Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McGoldrick 3,743 7.1 6
Republican Brian Monaghan 3,678 7.0
Farmers' Party John White 3,673 7.0 4
Republican Peadar O'Donnell 3,621 6.9 7
Cumann na nGaedheal Patrick McFadden 3,492 6.6 5
Republican Joseph O'Doherty 3,213 6.1 8
Labour Party Denis Houston 2,456 4.7
Farmers' Party Hugh Law 1,718 3.3
Republican Samuel O'Flaherty 1,647 3.1
Cumann na nGaedheal H. J. O'Kelly 1,489 2.8
Ratepayers' Association Michael McNelis 1,432 2.7
Farmers' Party Neil Faulkner 1,209 2.3
Farmers' Party Andrew Lowry 1,127 2.1
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/shortname]] Daniel McMenamin 927 1.8
Republican Edward Gallen 908 1.7
style="background-color: Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/color" | [[Independent politicians in Ireland|Template:Independent politicians in Ireland/meta/shortname]] Henry McGowan 69 1.3
Electorate: 96,977   Valid: 52,730   Quota: 5,859   Turnout: 54.4%

1922 general election

As at the 1921 general election, Sinn Féin stood one candidate for every seat, except those for two Dublin constituencies; the treaty had divided the party between 65 pro-treaty candidates, 57 anti-treaty and 1 nominally on both sides. Unlike the elections a year earlier, other parties stood in most constituencies forcing single transferable vote elections, with Sinn Féin losing 30 seats.

In Donegal, Sinn Féin's six outgoing TDs from the 2nd Dáil were elected unopposed, Socialist Republican, Jack White having withdrawn his candidacy.[30] Two had opposed the treaty, and four supported it; they are listed here in alphabetical order

1922 general election: Donegal[11]
Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Joseph McGinley Unopposed N/A 1
Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Patrick McGoldrick Unopposed N/A 2
Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) Joseph O'Doherty Unopposed N/A 3
Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) Samuel O'Flaherty Unopposed N/A 4
Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Joseph Sweeney Unopposed N/A 5
Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Peter Ward Unopposed N/A 6

1921 general election

At the 1921 general election to the 2nd Dáil, no seats were contested in the 26 counties which became the Irish Free State. In Donegal, six Sinn Féin candidates were nominated for the constituency's eight seats. Major Robert L Moore, who had contested East Donegal in 1918, was selected as the Unionist candidate by 22 April 1921[31] but was described on 15 May 1921 as 'having at the last moment withdrawn'.[32][33] No ballot was needed, and all six candidates were elected unopposed after the close of nominations on 24 May 1921. The 6 TDs elected are listed here in alphabetical order:[9]

1921 general election: Donegal[10]
Party Candidate 1st Pref  % Seat Count
Sinn Féin Joseph McGinley Unopposed N/A 1
Sinn Féin Patrick McGoldrick Unopposed N/A 2
Sinn Féin Joseph O'Doherty Unopposed N/A 3
Sinn Féin Samuel O'Flaherty Unopposed N/A 4
Sinn Féin Joseph Sweeney Unopposed N/A 5
Sinn Féin Peter Ward Unopposed N/A 6

See also

References

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  29. The sources disagree on the size of the quota. Walker (1992) lists it at 5,738 votes, but ElectionsIreland.org lists it at 5,548. The figure of 5,548 tallies with a calculation using the Droop quota#Formula.
  30. Arthur Mitchell, ‘White, James Robert (1879–1946)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
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