Fluorine perchlorate

Fluorine perchlorate

Full structural formula of fluorine perchlorate 120px
Names
IUPAC name Perchloryl hypofluorite
Other names Fluorine perchlorate
Identifiers
CAS Number	10049-03-3 Y
Jmol 3D model	Interactive image
SMILES FOCl(O)(O)O
Properties
Chemical formula	FClO 4
Melting point	−167.3 °C (−269.1 °F; 105.8 K)
Boiling point	−16 °C (3 °F; 257 K)
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfHo298)	9 kcal/mol
Vapor pressure	{{{value}}}
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Fluorine perchlorate is the rarely encountered chemical compound of fluorine, chlorine, and oxygen with the chemical formula FClO
₄ or FOClO
₃. It is an extremely unstable gas that explodes spontaneously and has a penetrating odor.

Synthesis

One synthesis uses fluorine and perchloric acid, though the action of ClF₅ on water is another method.

$\rm \ F_2 + HClO_4 \rightarrow FClO_4 + HF$

Another method of synthesis involves the thermal decomposition of tetrafluoroammonium perchlorate, NF
₄ClO
₄, which yields very pure FClO
₄ that may be manipulated and frozen without explosions.

$\rm \ NF_4ClO_4 \xrightarrow{\Delta} NF_3 + FClO_4$

Structure

Fluorine perchlorate is not analogous to perchloric acid because the fluorine atom does not exist as a positive ion. It contains an oxygen atom in a rare oxidation state of 0, due to the electronegativity of oxygen, which is higher than that of chlorine but lower than that of fluorine.

Safety

FClO₄ has a very dangerous and unpredictable series of reactions associated with it, as a covalent perchlorate (chlorine in the +7 oxidation state) and a compound featuring a very sensitive O-F single bond. Small amounts of reducing agent, such as organic compounds, can trigger explosive detonation. Products of these decomposition reactions could include oxygen halides, interhalogen compounds, and other hazardous substances.

Accidental synthesis is possible if precursors are carelessly mixed. Like similar covalent fluorides and perchlorates, it needs to be handled with extreme caution.

Reaction

FClO₄ is a strong oxidant and it reacts with iodide ion:

FOClO₃ + 2I⁻ → ClO₄⁻ + F⁻ + I₂

FClO₄ can also react with tetrafluoroethylene:

CF₂=CF₂ + FOClO₃ → CF₃CF₂OClO₃

It may be a radical addition reaction.

External links

• Chemist Derek Lowe's experiences with perchlorates

Salts and the ester of the perchlorate ion
HClO4																	He
LiClO4	Be(ClO4)2											B(ClO4)4−	ROClO3	N(ClO4)3 NH4ClO4	O	FClO4	Ne
NaClO4	Mg(ClO4)2											Al(ClO4)3	Si	P	S	ClO4− ClOClO3 Cl2O7	Ar
KClO4	Ca(ClO4)2	Sc(ClO4)3	Ti(ClO4)4	VO(ClO4)3	Cr(ClO4)3	Mn(ClO4)2	Fe(ClO4)3	Co(ClO4)2, Co(ClO4)3	Ni(ClO4)2	Cu(ClO4)2	Zn(ClO4)2	Ga(ClO4)3	Ge	As	Se	Br	Kr
RbClO4	Sr(ClO4)2	Y	Zr	Nb	Mo	Tc	Ru	Rh	Pd(ClO4)2	AgClO4	Cd(ClO4)2	In	Sn	Sb	Te	I	Xe
CsClO4	Ba(ClO4)2		Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg2(ClO4)2, Hg(ClO4)2	Tl(ClO4)3	Pb(ClO4)2	Bi(ClO4)3	Po	At	Rn
Fr	Ra		Rf	Db	Sg	Bh	Hs	Mt	Ds	Rg	Cn	Uut	Fl	Uup	Lv	Uus	Uuo
		↓
		La	Ce(ClO4)x	Pr	Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu
		Ac	Th	Pa	UO2(ClO4)2	Np	Pu	Am	Cm	Bk	Cf	Es	Fm	Md	No	Lr