Interleukin 34

Interleukin 34
250px Crystal Structure of Human Interleukin-34 dimer. PDB 4dkc
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 4DKC, 4DKD, 4DKE, 4DKF
Identifiers
Symbols	IL34 ; C16orf77; IL-34
External IDs	OMIM: 612081 MGI: 1923777 HomoloGene: 12648 GeneCards: IL34 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • cytokine activity • macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor binding • growth factor activity Cellular component • extracellular space Biological process • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation • inflammatory response • positive regulation of cell proliferation • innate immune response • positive regulation of macrophage differentiation • positive regulation of monocyte differentiation Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	146433	76527
Ensembl	ENSG00000157368	ENSMUSG00000031750
UniProt	Q6ZMJ4	Q8R1R4
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001172771	NM_001135100
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001166242	NP_001128572
Location (UCSC)	Chr 16: 70.58 – 70.66 Mb	Chr 8: 110.74 – 110.81 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Interleukin-34, or IL-34 is a protein belonging to a group of cytokines called interleukins. It was originally identified in humans, by large scale screening of secreted proteins; chimpanzee, murine, rat and chicken IL-34 orthologs have also been found. The protein is composed of 241 amino acids, 39 kilodaltons in mass, and forms homodimers. IL-34 increases growth or survival of immune cells known as monocytes; it elicits its activity by binding the Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of human IL-34 is most abundant in spleen but occurs in several other tissues: thymus, liver, small intestine, colon, prostate gland, lung, heart, brain, kidney, testes, and ovary. The discovery of IL-34 protein in the red pulp of the spleen suggests involvement in growth and development of myeloid cells, consistent with its activity on monocytes.

External links

Interleukin-34 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)