Thein Sein

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Thein Sein
သိန်းစိန်
HE Thein Sein, President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (9292476975).jpg
8th President of Myanmar
Assumed office
30 March 2011
Vice President Sai Mauk Kham
Nyan Tun
Preceded by Than Shwe (Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council)
Prime Minister of Myanmar
In office
24 October 2007 – 30 March 2011
Acting: April 2007 – 24 October 2007
Leader Than Shwe
Preceded by Soe Win
Succeeded by Position abolished
First Secretary of the State Peace and Development Council
In office
19 October 2004 – 24 October 2007
Preceded by Soe Win
Succeeded by Tin Aung Myint Oo
Member of Parliament
for Zabuthiri
In office
7 November 2010 – 30 March 2011
Preceded by Constituency established
Succeeded by Sanda Min
Majority 65,620 (91.2%)
Personal details
Born (1945-04-20) 20 April 1945 (age 79)
Kyounku, Burma
Political party State Peace and Development Council (Before 2010)
Union Solidarity and Development Party (2010–present)
Spouse(s) Khin Khin Win
Children 3
Alma mater Defence Services Academy
Religion Theravada Buddhism
Website Government website
Military service
Allegiance  Myanmar
Service/branch Myanmar Army
Years of service 1968–2010
Rank General

Thein Sein (Burmese: သိန်းစိန် [θéɪɴ sèɪɴ]; born 20 April 1945) is a Burmese politician and former military commander who has been President of Myanmar since March 2011, having been elected by the Assembly of the Union the previous month. He was the Prime Minister from 2007 until 2011 and considered by many in and outside Myanmar as a moderate and reformist in the post-junta government.[1] His new government undertook a series of political reforms including some deregulation of the country's censored media, releasing many political prisoners and halting the country's controversial large Chinese-led hydro-power project. The developments that followed included Myanmar's appointment to chair ASEAN in 2014, improved relations with the US, the release of Aung San Suu Kyi from house arrest, and the reinstatement of major opposition party National League for Democracy (NLD) in the by-election held on 1 April 2012.[2]

Early life

Thein Sein was born in Kyonku, British Burma (now Myanmar), a small Irrawaddy delta village near Hainggyi Island in what is now Ngapudaw Township to Maung Phyo (father) and Khin Nyunt (mother).[3] He was the youngest of three children. His parents were landless farmers, and his father made a living carrying cargo at the river jetty and weaving bamboo mats.[3][4] Thein Sein's father Maung Phyo became a Buddhist monk 10 years after his wife's death, and spent his remaining years as a monk.[3]

Military career

Sein graduated from the 9th intake of the Defence Services Academy with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1968, becoming a second lieutenant afterward.[3][5] Throughout Thein Sein's four-decade-long military career, he was considered a bureaucrat, not a combat soldier. In 1988, he served as a major for Sagaing Division's 55th Light Infantry Division and later served as a commander for Sagaing Division's 89th Infantry Battalion in Kalay Township. The following year, he studied at the Command and General Staff College in Kalaw, Shan State.

By 1991, he had returned to Yangon, after being promoted to the rank of colonel and 1st Grade General Staff Officer in the War Office. He was then promoted to Brigadier General, but remained at his position in the War Office, which marked the first time a Brigadier General was promoted to General Staff Officer. In 1995, he was recruited as the commander of Yangon Division's Military Operations Command 4 in Hmawbi. A year later, in 1996, he was appointed to lead the new Triangle Regional Military Command in Kyaingtong, Shan State, serving this role for four years (1997–2001).[5] In 1997, he became a member of the State Peace and Development Council and was appointed as Secretary-2 in 2003.[6][7] He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant General that year.[8] After Khin Nyunt was deposed and Soe Win became Prime Minister in 2004, Sein was promoted to Secretary-1 and promoted to General in late 2004.[7]

Prime Minister

Sein was appointed in April 2007 by the nation's ruling military junta[9] as interim prime minister, replacing Soe Win, who was undergoing medical treatment for leukaemia.[10][11] Sein was formally appointed as Soe Win's permanent successor on 24 October 2007 after Soe Win's death on 12 October 2007.[12]

He held the position of first secretary in the ruling State Peace and Development Council junta. He was the country's fourth-highest ranking general,[13] and also served as the chairman of the government-sponsored National Convention Convening Commission.[14] Thein Sein carried out high-level negotiations with Bangladesh and Cambodia.[10][11]

In 2007, sometime after his official appointment as prime minister, he was promoted to the rank of General from Lieutenant General.[15] On his first official visit outside Myanmar as prime minister, Thein Sein carried out high-level negotiations with Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia.[16][17][18] In the aftermath of Cyclone Nargis in May 2008, he led the National Disaster Preparedness Central Committee as chairman and was criticised for the government's systematic blocking of relief efforts.[5]

Presidency

Election and appointment

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Main article: Burmese general election, 2010

On 29 April 2010, he retired from the military, along with 22 other military officials, to lead the Union Solidarity and Development Party as a civilian.[19] During the 2010 general election, he was head of the Union Solidarity and Development Party, which contested in a controversial election and won the overwhelming majority of seats in the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw. Thein Sein ran against National Unity Party candidate Kyaw Aye during the election, contesting a Pyithu Hluttaw seat to represent the constituents of Naypyidaw Union Territory's Zabuthiri Township. He purportedly won 91.2% of the votes (65,620).[20]

On 4 February 2011, he was elected by the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw's Presidential Electoral College as the next president of Myanmar, becoming the country's first non-interim civilian president in 49 years. Tin Aung Myint Oo and Sai Mauk Kham were named as the new vice-presidents.[21] Sein was sworn in on 30 March 2011 alongside the two vice-presidents and the newly elected parliament.[22]

Regional policy

In the first month of his presidency, he sought the support of ASEAN Secretary-General Surin Pitsuwan to support Burma's bid to chair the ASEAN Summit in 2014.[23] As of July 2011, the government has formed a planning committee led by foreign affairs minister Wunna Maung Lwin.[24]

Domestic policy

Some have considered Thein Sein as a moderate because he was willing to engage with Aung San Suu Kyi; he had a high-profile meeting with her in Naypyidaw on 19 August 2011.[25] On 17 August 2011, he was quoted by the state newspaper, The New Light of Myanmar as saying:[26]<templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

We will make reviews to make sure that Myanmar [Burmese] citizens living abroad for some reasons can return home if they have not committed any crimes. And if a Myanmar citizen in a foreign country who committed crimes applies for returning home to serve terms, we will show our benevolent attitude in dealing with his case.

Various news sources intrepreted his suggestion as an invitation for overseas Burmese citizens to return to their country of origin and help rebuild the Burmese economy.[27]

United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton meets with Burma's President Thein Sein in Naypyitaw, 1 December 2011.

Controversy

Thein Sein has proposed that the minority Rohingya ethnic group, which has lived in Burma for hundreds of years, be "resettled" abroad, a proposal the United Nations was quick to object to.[28] Thein Sein has also supported domestic policies that label Rohingya as "non-citizens".[citation needed] He has said that the 2012 Rakhine State riots "has nothing to do with race or religion."[29]

File:Obama-thein-sein.jpg
Thein Sein meets US President Barack Obama in Rangoon, 19 November 2012

2012 cabinet reshuffle

Lua error in Module:Details at line 30: attempt to call field '_formatLink' (a nil value). On 27 August 2012, Thein Sein announced a major cabinet reshuffle of 9 ministers and 15 deputy ministers, to consolidate the authority of his office by removing hardliner ministers and replacing them with political allies.[30] Among the more prominent changes was the transfer of Kyaw Hsan from the post of Minister for Information to Minister of Cooperatives, and the appointment of Aung Min, Tin Naing Thein and Soe Thein, all former lieutenants under Thein Sein, to the posts of Minister of the President's Office.[30]

Union Solidarity and Development Party

On 16 October 2012, Thein Sein was re-elected as the chairman of the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) at the USDP's first party conference in Naypyidaw.[31] This is in direct contradiction to the 2008 Constitution of Burma, which states:[32]

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If the President or the Vice-Presidents are members of a political party, they shall not take part in its party activities during their term of office from the day of their election.

According to the constitution, he is technically barred from taking part in party activities during his term of office. Because of mounting criticism over his dual role, Thein Sein handed over the chairman position of party to Shwe Mann on 1 May 2013. But Thein Sein will continue to play a leadership role within the ruling party and did not disqualify him from consideration as the party's presidential candidate of 2015 election.[33][34][35]

Personal life

Thein Sein is married to Khin Khin Win. The couple have 3 daughters.[3] One of his daughters, Yin Thuzar Thein, is married to a military captain, Han Win Aung.[36] He suffers from heart disease and uses a pacemaker.[37][38]

References

  1. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  2. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  4. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  6. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  8. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  9. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Burmese junta choose stand-in PM, BBC.co.uk; retrieved 20 May 2007.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Burmese Junta Tips New Prime Minister; retrieved 20 May 2007.
  12. ↑ Myanmar appoints new PM, Xinhua; retrieved 24 October 2007.
  13. ↑ Myanmar paramount leader not nominated for president: MPs, Reuters; retrieved 1 February 2011.
  14. ↑ Work coordination meeting of National Convention Convening Commission, Work Committee and Management Committee held, The New Light of Myanmar; retrieved 20 April 2004.
  15. ↑ Myanmar PM to visit Laos, Vietnam, Xinhua. Retrieved 7 November 2007.
  16. ↑ Burma's PM visits Vietnam, Associated Press via The Age. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
  17. ↑ Laos, Myanmar set to enhance relations, Xinhua; retrieved 11 November 2007.
  18. ↑ Myanmar's prime minister visits Cambodia to garner support against sanctions
  19. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  20. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  21. ↑ Burma ex-Prime Minister Thein Sein named new president, BBC, 4 February 2011.
  22. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  23. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  24. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  25. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  26. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  27. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  28. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  29. ↑ Voice of America, Burma: Sectarian Violence Not About Race or Religion, 10 August 2012, http://www.voanews.com/content/burma-sectarian-violence-not-about-race-or-religion/1483768.html
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  31. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  32. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  33. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  34. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  35. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  36. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  37. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
  38. ↑ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'strict' not found.
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Myanmar
2007–2011		 Position abolished
Preceded by
Than Shwe
as Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council of Myanmar
 President of Myanmar
2011–present		 Incumbent
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