Maranao people

Maranao Juvany

Sultan Muliloda Datumulok Dimasangcay Pundato Aleem Said Ahmad Basher Sheikh Ahmad Bashir
Total population
1,142,000 1.25% of total population
Regions with significant populations
Lanao del Sur, Lanao del Norte, Province of Sultan Mardan (Lanao del Sur, District II) Bembaran (specially in the municipalities of Talakag Kalilangan ), Cotabato, Maguindanao, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga City, Misamis Oriental, Iligan City, Cagayan de Oro City Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-tawi, Manila, Cebu in the Philippines Maranaos in Sabah, Malaysia Maranaos in USA Maranao in Saudi Arabia Middle East
Languages
Maranao, Chabacano, Cebuano, Tagalog, English
Religion
Predominantly Islam Islam
Related ethnic groups
Illanun, Maguindanao, Tiruray Lumad, Tausug, Visayan, other Moros, other Filipino peoples, other Austronesian peoples

Maranao (Maranao: ['mәranaw]; Filipino: Mëranaw (based on Papanoka Mera)), also spelled as Meranao, Maranaw (based on Marapatik) and Mëranaw, is the term used officially by the Philippine government in reference to the southern tribe who are now the people of the lake called Ranao in the Iranaon language, a predominantly Muslim region in the Philippines island of Mindanao. They are famous for their artwork, sophisticated weaving, wood and metal crafts, and their epic literature, Darangen. The word Maranao, also spelled Maranaw is a misnomer as it does not have a sense in reference to nouns such as people, place or thing. The prefix MA- means 'to be', i.e., Maranao means to be lake. [Some believe that the word Maranao is a combination of two words "Malay" and "Lanao" or the Ancient Lake Lanao thus making it "Maranao" which means people living around lake lanao] The real term is Iranon which when pronounced fluently is Iranon (also Iranun) meaning "People of the Lake," referring to the indigenous people who inhabited the lands around Lake Lanao whose principal town is Marawi City. The Maranaos are part of the wider Moro ethnic group, who constitute the largest Moro ethnic group.

Maranao and their culture can be best described by the following:

• Lake Lanao
• Sarimanok (Papanoka Mra and Mara-patik)
• Torogan
• Darangen, a UNESCO Heritage
• Kirim, pre-Hispanic handwriting based from Arabic letters with 19 consonants and 7 vowels.
• Singkil, a popular and world's recognized Philippine dance
• Okir on wooden artifacts and brasswares
• Capmorod and Cackhalilang with Sambolayang and Pasandalan a Morog and Marigay for Kazipasa Manggis.
• Caplagood (Racing horse)

The life of the Maranaos is centered on Lake Lanao, the largest in Mindanao, and the second largest and deepest lake in the Philippines. This lake is the subject of various myths and legends. It supports a major fishery, and powers the hydroelectric plant installed on it; the Agus River system generates 70% of the electricity used by the people of Mindanao. A commanding view of the lake is offered by Marawi City, the provincial capital.

Etymology

The ancient people in Mainland Mindanao were called Iranun, also spelled Iranon, of the coastal area of Illana Bay (Ilian in Maranao) and Iranaon of the people in Bembaran/ Bumbaran or Bukidnon and Kiaranda a Ragata Tiongcopa Layagen, in local language.

The Iranon is the people of the constant flow of rivers and creeks from the mountains to the coastal areas. A volcanic eruption developed a flat land surface little-by-little. In modern science describes and illustrates this process as results of sedimentary formation and residual remains that forms the low and flat land surface in the coastal areas. This land is rich and suitable to crops. The Maranao vernacular called it “ira” which means remains.

Thus, the name of the people in the coastal area of Illana Bay was derived from the root word “ira” plus “ranao” forms the word Iranaon which means people living the residual remains in the coastal areas.

In present days, the Maranao refers the word Iranaon “tao sa ragat” or the people of Lanao who migrated to sea area while the Maranaos are people who dwelled around the lake of Lanao. These peoples belong to same genealogy, lineages, culture, bravery, (i.g.Gandamatu sa Ranau a Tombaga sa Macadar,wadiya lantay decritan potaw dipagotngan,phagrom sa kinikhid, khansa batobarani) and history. They are called Maranao in general term.

Culture and Customs

Language

Maranao is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur in the Philippines. Because of the mass influx of Cebuano migrants to Mindanao, many of the Maranaos tend to be exposed to the Cebuano language from Visayan easily enough to be able to speak it.

Arabic, a Central Semitic language, is also spoken by a minority of the Moro people, being the liturgical language of Islam. Most Maranaos however, do not know Arabic beyond its religious uses.

Chavacano (sometimes spelled as Chabacano or Chabakano) is a Philippine Spanish Creole, that gained popularity as a Philippine major language during the short-lived Republic of Zamboanga. Most of the Maranaos with part-Tausug or Yakan from Zamboanga and Basilan have also attained the ability to speak this language, specifically the Zamboanga dialect known as Zamboangueño.

Art

File:Sarimanok bird of Philippine Folklore.jpg

Sarimanok or (Papanoka Mra) is a legendary birds of the Maranao that has become a ubiquitous symbol of their art

Sarimanok, Papanoka "Mra" or "Mara patik" is a legendary bird of the Maranao that has become a ubiquitous symbol of their art. It is depicted as a Hoodhud (in arabic) with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head of Sarimanok is same like a heads of Hoopoe (Balalatoc in maranaw) an is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf, and spiral motifs. It is said to be a symbol of good fortune.

Musical Heritage

Main articles: Music of the Philippines and Kulintang

The native Maranao have a fascinating culture that revolves around kulintang music, a specific type of gong music and Sarunaay, found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines. Kobbing is a Maranao instrument and Biyula is another Instrument for the Maranao people to use, Biyula is a string instrument. In 2005, the Darangen Epic of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao was selected by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Cuisine

Exquisite Maranao cuisine and hospitality are palpable. They are known of having a spicy taste in their foods. A condiment made of traditionally cultivated spices, locally known as Palapa (Bontang, native product in Gandamatu) is one of their distinguished cuisine symbol. It is made of stewed scallion bulbs or “sakurab” in Maranao. The thinly sliced scallion bulbs and ginger are caramelized by slow cooking and mixed with chillies and little coconut oil.

Maranao recipes are so rich that it talks about life itself! Suffice it to say that the recipes are intertwined with the life cycle rites and rituals of all aspects of Maranao society and culture: from birth to death. In other words, food cannot be separated with daily life activities because food is life itself!

The Legend of Maranao Food

Juvany balowa According to a scholar, food is one of the panabi-nabian (prophet), a mercy and a gift from Allah. "When the world was created, mankind had no food to eat. The soil was asked to feed mankind but it refused because it does not have enough to feed mankind. And so one of the sons of Fatima, Asa, was buried so that Nabi Adam (Prophet Adam) will also be fed and be able to move. For seven days Nabi Saopak was buried. After seven days, it grew. On the head part grew a coconut, on the heart grew the palay, on the pelvis grew cotton, and on the lower part grew a white chicken. The palay was harvested and fed to mankind."

Demographics

Maranaos number about 1,142,000. Along with the Illanun and Maguindanao, the Maranao are one of three related indigenous groups native to the island of Mindanao. Incidentally, these groups share genes, linguistic and cultural ties to non-Muslim Lumad groups such as the Tiruray or Subanon. Maranao royals have varied infusions of Arab, Indian, Malay, Javanese, and Chinese ancestry.

The language of the Maranao people is called Kapm-ranau, and is spoken by approximately 1,142,000 people living in areas near Lanao del Sur and Lanao del Norte. The language can be traced from the Southern Philippine sub-branch of the Western Austronesian language family, and is closely related to the Illanun language spoken in Sabah and Malaysia. It is also close to Maguindanaon, the language spoken in Maguindanao, North Cotabato, South Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, and Zamboanga del Sur provinces. They speak Cebuano, Tagalog, and Arabic language, and English as second languages. Practically, most of Maranaos are Muslims. A few, especially those living in the hills around Kiaranda a ragat a tiongcopa layagen practice a version of Islam mixed with traces of pre-Islamic traditions.

History

Similarly to other Indigenous and Mindanao Lumads, during the very nominal occupation of the Philippines by Spanish, and later American and Japanese in Mindanao, the Maranaos had their own tribal leaders, which they called Datu. Later in 14th century upon the arrival of Islam, they developed into a kingdom with a Sultan ruler due to the influence of Muslim missionaries.

External links

• Maranao
• Maranao Online
• Ranao, Ranao (Lake) terms for Lanao del Sur.